الفهرس 
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Abstract
Central venous cannulation has become a standard procedure since introduced to medical practice in the 1952. Eight percent of hospitalized patients receive a central venous catheter and more than five million central venous catheters are inserted in the United States (US) each year.
Central lines terminate in the veins within the thorax. Central lines can be classified as either peripherally inserted or centrally inserted central devices. As central venous access is potentially lifesaving, there are no absolute contraindications to performing the procedure. Different types of centeral venous catheters are known, Catheters could be classified according to indication, technique of insertion, number of lumens and weather antimicrobial impregnated or not. As complications are aspect of interest in this essay, classification adopting technique of insertion and antimicrobial impregnation are believed to be more applicable and meaningful.According to technique of insertion tunneled, non tunneled, peripherally inserted and storing devices are well known and considered as every day practice in many centers.
However, knowing which device is most appropriate for each situation might improve patient outcomes. Aside from emergent placement of central lines, the indications for central catheters include the following:
Administration of IV fluids, medications, or blood products, either in large quantities or over a prolonged period of time; Administration of medications that are harmful to peripheral veins (eg, chemotherapy) Long-term access to the central venous system for repeated procedures, such as blood sampling Poor or inaccessible peripheral venous access.