الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology in which both T- and B- cells mediated immune reactions contribute to the destructive inflammation of the joints. Many evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors play role in susceptibility to RA.
This genetic contribution is very complex. It is likely that RA is a polygenic disease in which some genes may drive the initiation of the disease, while other may impact response to therapy or define disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, the identification of new genes associated with RA susceptibility and clinical features is an important challenge
The polymorphisms in candidate genes, such as the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) gene are interesting candidates for analyses of influence, susceptibility of RA and osteoporosis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism; in patients with RA, to investigate the effect of this genetic phenomen on risk of osteoporotic fracture and determine the relationship to the disease susceptibility.
The Study included 170 Subjects. They were classified into two groups:
Group I: ”Control group”: This group comprised 84 females’ normal apparently healthy volunteers not suffering from any diseases that might interfere with the present study. No medications were received for the past few weeks. Their age ranged from 30-62 years.
Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusion
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Group (II): “Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group”: This group comprised 86 patients diagnosed with RA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology A.C.R. (86 females). Their age ranged from 27-65 years.