الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The primary aim of antepartum fetal surveillance is timely recognition of fetal compromise to enable appropriate intervention and to prevent further serious complications. If the fetus would otherwise die in utero, delivery might save its life. Abnormal Doppler parameters appears to affect the decision of mode of delivery and if the fetus can tolerate stress of labour or not. Because of low specificity, a single abnormal MCA Doppler US result is not useful for timing delivery, so combination with umilical artery Doppler parameters increase the sensitivity and specificity significantly. Abnormal aortic artery and renal artery Doppler parameters are valuable with MCA and UA but cannot be used separately to evaluate fetal compromise or exclude it. In fetuses suspected to have IUGR, while an abnormal MCA pulsatility index is a better predictor of adverse perinatal outcome than an abnormal UA or RA pulsatility index, a normal UA pulsatility index may be useful in identifying those fetuses not likely to have a major adverse perinatal outcome, especially before 32 weeks gestational age. Outcomes of SGA fetuses with a normal PI in comparison with outcomes of those with an abnormal value and concluded that SGA fetuses with a normal MCA PI are at a lower risk for adverse outcomes than those with an abnormal PI. Depending on other clinical factors, reduced, absent, or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic flow is an indication for enhanced fetal surveillance or delivery. If delivery is delayed to enhance fetal lung maturity with maternal administration of glucocorticoid, intensive fetal surveillance until delivery is suggested for those fetuses with reversed end-diastolic flow.