الفهرس 
Respiratory musclesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by progressive
and irreversible destruction of renal structures. The respiratory
system suffers alterations in respiratory drive, pulmonary
mechanics, muscle function and gas exchange. This pulmonary
dysfunction may be a direct result of the circulation of toxins or,
indirectly, from the excess volume due to the increased quantities
of circulating body fluids, anemia, immunological suppression,
drugs and deficient nutrition (David J. and Pierson, 2006).
Physiological abnormalities are frequent in the skeletal
muscle structure of patients with CRF , and their main signs are
fatigue, muscular weakness and low exercise tolerance
Respiratory muscular weakness may lead to hypoventilation,
maximum respiratory pressure measurements may help in early
diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for these patients(Sala et
al., 2001).
The aim of this study is to assess the respiratory muscle
performance by measuring the maximum inspiratory pressure
(MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) in chronic renal
failure patients under conservative treatment and immediately
before and after hemodialysis. This study was carried out between Pulmonary Function Unit
Chest Department and Renal Dialysis Unit in Ain Shams
University Hospital in the period from January 2012 to January
2013.
Sixty patients with chronic renal failure were included in this
study and they were divided in to 2 groups:
• Group 1:
Thirty patients with chronic renal failure undergoing regular
hemodialysis for at least 6 months to study the effect of CRF and
hemodialysis on respiratory muscle function.
• Group 2:
Thirty patients with chronic renal failure under conservative
treatment to study the effect of CRF on respiratory muscle
function were as a control group.
All patients were subjected to the following:
• Full history taking.
• Thorough clinical examination.
• Chest x-ray postro anterior view.
• Arterial blood gas analysis (for group 1 it was obtained one
hour before and one hour after hemodialysis). This study was carried out between Pulmonary Function Unit
Chest Department and Renal Dialysis Unit in Ain Shams
University Hospital in the period from January 2012 to January
2013.
Sixty patients with chronic renal failure were included in this
study and they were divided in to 2 groups:
• Group 1:
Thirty patients with chronic renal failure undergoing regular
hemodialysis for at least 6 months to study the effect of CRF and
hemodialysis on respiratory muscle function.
• Group 2:
Thirty patients with chronic renal failure under conservative
treatment to study the effect of CRF on respiratory muscle
function were as a control group.
All patients were subjected to the following:
• Full history taking.
• Thorough clinical examination.
• Chest x-ray postro anterior view.
• Arterial blood gas analysis (for group 1 it was obtained one
hour before and one hour after hemodialysis).