الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 456 |  |  |
| | | from | 456 | | |
المستخلص
Mount Lebanon witnessed a sectarian war in 1860, known as the sixty events, and it was their results is agreement of the Ottoman Empire five European countries Kabry- Britain, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia - to develop a system for the rule of Mount Lebanon, and after meetings in Beirut at the level of representatives of the European countries and the Foreign Minister of the Ottoman Empire Mohammed Fuad Pasha during the period from the first of October until the fifth of March 1861, Tlha form a committee in Istanbul at the level of ambassadors of the five European countries with high Pasha Grand Vizier _ Prime Minister Ottoman _ the Committee concluded on the ninth of June 1861 developed a protocol to Mt Lebanon, which amended the system primary in 1864 and which has prevailed until the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Mount Lebanon in 1918 following its defeat in the First World war. During the era of Almtsrvip which characterize the political stability that missed Mount Lebanon during long periods of conflict in the era of the concerned Emirate then inclined meteor, and this stability is reflected in the great intellectual renaissance not seen a country in the Middle Swe Egypt during the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha, then Khedive Ismail, but the Renaissance intellectual affected in Egypt, the British occupation since 1882, but the intellectual renaissance in Mount Lebanon has been going on, thanks to competition and increased competition among the consignment Protestant evangelical American Catholic monastic Jesuit French, who won the first two universities Haddattin in the Middle namely ; Syrian Evangelical College the University of St. Joseph Jesuit.