الفهرس 
Introduction
In vitro propagationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted at the fruit crops orchard and tissue culture laboratory, Fruit Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University during 2010-2014 to accomplish the in vitro mass production of some fig cultivars. All culture operations were carried out in a Laminar Flow sterile cabinet to ensure aseptic conditions.
The objectives of this study were as follows:
Establishment of a micropropagation protocol of three fig cultivars (Sultani, Aboudi, and Conadria) as a step for further studies of improvement and mass production of planting materials. Such objective will include:
• Study the effect of medium type (Murashigeand Skoog, Woody plant medium,NitschandNitsch, and Gamborg B5) on vegetative characters.
• Study the effect of Cytokinins on proliferation and growth.
• Study the effect of Auxins on rooting.
The main results can be summarized in the following points:
1. MS medium induced the highest survival (94.82%) regardless of cultivars followed by WPM (85.19%) while B5 medium induced the least value (62.22%). Meanwhile, Sultani cultivar had the highest survival value (85.01%) regardless of medium type followed by Aboudi (78.33%) while Conadria was least (68.90%).
2. MS medium generally induced the highest average shoot length (3.0 cm) followed by WPM (2.7 cm) while B5 medium induced the least value (1.5 cm) regardless of used cultivars. On the other hand, Sultanifig cultivar had the highest shoot length (3.6 cm) followed by Aboudicultivar (2.2 cm) compared to Conadria cultivar which had the lowest value (1.7 cm).Sultani fig cultivar had the highest value (4.0 cm) when grown on MS medium while Conadria cultivar had least value (0.7 cm) when grown on B5 medium.
3. MS medium followed by WPM medium produced the highest number of leaves/shoot (2.9 and 2.4 leaf/shoot) while B5 medium produced the least value (1.5 leaf/shoot) regardless of used cultivars. Meanwhile, Aboudi and Conadria had highest number (2.3 and 2.2 leaf/shoot) compared to Sultani fig cultivar (2.0 leaf/shoot) regardless of medium type. The highest number of leaves was found in Aboudi and Conadria fig cultivars (3.2 leaf/shoot) when grown on MS medium while the least number (1.2 leaf/shoot) when Conadria cultivar was grown on B5 medium.
4. The current data also illustrated that for specific cultivar, MS medium was also found to induce best values for Sultani fig cultivar. It produced best survival 100% compared to all tested media average (85.01%), 4.0 cm shoot length compared to 3.6 cm, 2.2 leaf per shoot compared to 2.0 leaf/shoot, 3.2 node per shoot compared to 2.6 nodes/shoot and 0.7 cm internode length compared to 0.8 cm for media average.
5. Benzyl amino purine (BAP) was found to induce best proliferation of the three tested fig cultivars compared to kinetin; meanwhile kinetin was found to produce plantlets with best shoot length. The later could be attributed to the lower proliferation rate and hence nutritional competition. In addition, BAP at 1.0 mg/l was found to have better effect on proliferation and shoot length compared to 0.5 mg/l. No significant effects were found between kinetin concentrations (0.5 and 1.0mg/l) on vegetative growth characteristics. As for fig cultivars, Aboudi and Conadria cultivars were more influenced by cytokinins compared to Sultani fig cultivar.
6. BAP generally induced higher proliferated shoots (3.3 shoot/explant) compared to (2.0 shoot/explant) for kinetin. In addition, BAP at 1.0 mg/l induced higher multiplication rate compared to 0.5 mg/l BAP (3.5 vs. 3.1 shoot/explant). Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l kinetin (1.9 vs. 2.1 shoot/explant). For different cultivars, Aboudi cultivar was found to produce the higher overall average of shoots (3.8 shoot/explant) compared to Sultani and Conadria cultivars which produce the least values (1.6 and 1.5 shoot/explant, respectively).
7. NAA treatment induced higher rooting percentage compared to IBA (100 vs. 82.0). Meanwhile MS medium at half-strength (HSMS) induced higher rooting compared to MS medium at full-strength (FSMS); 91.7 vs. 90.3%, respectively. Rooting percentage was highest in Aboudi cultivar (91.7%) followed by Sultani cultivar (91.1%), while Conadria cultivar had lower rooting percentage (90.1%). A complete (100%) rooting was achieved in all cultivars at NAA (HSMS, FSMS) and Sultani cultivar at 0.5 mg/l IBA, while the lowest rooting occurred in Aboudi cultivar (66.7%) when proliferated shoots were treated with 1.0 mg/l IBA at FSMS medium.
8. NAA treatment induced higher number of adventitious roots on proliferated shoots of the three tested fig cultivars compared to IBA treatment (6.9 vs. 5.7 roots per shoot). In addition, MS medium at half-salt strength also produced higher number of roots per shoot compared to MS medium at full-salt strength (7.4 vs. 5.3 roots/shoot). Also the 0.5 mg/l concentration of both auxins produced higher number of roots per shoot compared to 1.0 mg/l concentration in all tested fig cultivars. The highest number of roots/shoot (11.7) was produced in Aboudi cultivar when IBA was used at 0.5 mg/l with HSMS, meanwhile the least number of roots/shoot (4.0) was produced in Conadria cultivar (1.0 mg/l IBA on FSMS).
9. On the contrary of rooting percentage and number of roots per shoot data, IBA produced longer roots (9.62 cm) compared to NAA treatment (4.06). It looks like the higher root density the shorter the adventitious. MS medium at half-salt strength (HSMS) produced insignificantly longer root (3.0 cm) compared to FSMS medium (2.4 cm). The highest root length value (8.0 cm) was found in Sultani fig cultivar when cultured on HSMS medium treated with 0.5 mg/l IBA followed by Aboudi cultivar (6.9 cm) on same medium and auxin meanwhile the lowest values occurred in Aboudi cultivar (1.0 cm) grown in HSMS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA.
Conclusion
In general, MS medium proved to be the best medium for micropropagation of the three fig cultivars under the study followed by Woody Plant Medium (WPM), while B5 medium produced the least values for all cultivars. In conclusion, the study has created a protocol for micropropagation of fig cultivars using MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 0.1 g/l myo-inositol, 0.02 mg/l IBA, 0.2 mg/l BAP and 5 mg/l GA3 as an establish medium, 1.0 mg/l BAP for proliferation and 0.5 mg/l NAA with half-strength of MS medium for rooting.