الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Integrity of serum circulating DNA is a promising molecular biomarker for detecting breast cancer tumor progression and regional LN metastases.ccfDNA is extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free plasma/serum of humans. There are several terms in use like circulating nucleic acids, extracellular nucleic acids or cell-free nucleic acids Circulating extracellular DNA can be found in healthy persons, persons with nonmalignant diseases, as well as persons with various malignancies. In addition, trauma and therapeutic procedures may also lead to the release of free DNA into the circulation. It is likely that a significant proportion is bound to protein molecules, possibly as nucleosomes; theoretically, circulating DNA is mostly released from degrading cells after cleavage by endonucleases that cut the chromatin into the basic nucleosomes, which conserves them from proteolytic digestion in blood.
In this study, we aimed to test DNA integrity index for ALU repeats as a molecular biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
All subjects included in this study; 65 Female patients they were classified in to three groups: Group I Control group: include 20 healthy volunteer females, Group II Benign breast lesion group: include 16 females ,Group IП Breast cancer group: include 29 females with primary breast cancer in the different cancer stages ,attending surgery Department, Benha University Hospital; subjected to full history taking and clinical examination , Radiological and pathological investigations (For the breast cancer group). Soft tissue mammography.Chest x-ray,Abdominal ultrasonography. Bone scan, Fine needle aspiration biopsy and Excisional biopsy.
Our results revealed that As regard to ALU 247 and DNA integrity levels there is significant increase in benign breast lesions and breast cancer group compared to control group .Also there is significant increase in breast cancer group compared to benign breast lesions group.
ALU 115 level is significantly higher in benign breast lesions and breast cancer group compared to control group. However it was non significantly higher in breast cancer group compared to benign breast lesions group.
The level of ALU247 was the most accurate circulating ccfDNA marker in discriminating the cancer from non-cancer subjects
Integrity of serum circulating DNA is a promising molecular biomarker for detecting breast cancer tumor progression and regional LN metastases.We found that the serum DNA integrity had a higher correlation Co-efficient value with tumor progression than the absolute level of serum DNA. Therefore, serum DNA integrity was considered a better representative for cancer progression.The performance levels of ALU 247,ALU 115,DNA integrity levels using ROC curve indicating the validity of ccfDNA to discriminate cancer from control& benign breast lesion