الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly ‘Medfly’ is considered one of the world’s most destructive pests. It is a rapid colonizer and unlike most specioes of fruit flies, it can tolerate cooler climates. These traits along with its’ broad host range make the Medfly the most economically important fruit fly species.
The experiment of the present study were carried out in Assuit governorate during two seasons;2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study population fluctuations of MFF in Assuit governorate and compare the occurrence of MFF in different districts; Elquosia, Assuit and Elbadary to evaluate the influence of habitatarea on the occurenceand distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF). Also, study of the relationship between captured flies of the pest and some of changes in climatic conditions such as air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature at 5cm depth that affect on the swarming activity of adults and pupation depth and pupae survival of C .capitata. Evaluation of some of olfactory stimulants such as food attractants, some of volatile oils and the efficiency of trimedlure ( sex pheromone) before and after dilution with some of fixed oils ; paraffin oil sunflower oil and corn oil in different concentrations.
I. Ecological studies:
1. Population fluctuations of C. capitata in Assuit Governorate in two successive seasons:
Population fluctuations of C.capitata had been studied in Assuit governorate during two seasons; 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The pest had been occurred along the season in two studied years with some exeptions. During the first season, the highest capture of flies were on November and December with CTD of 5.15±0.60 and 4.26±1.26, respectively. Howeaver, the lowest population was on January and February 2012 with CTD of 0.00±0.00 and 0.29±0.38, respectively. In the second season; 2012/2013, the highest capture of MFF was on October, November and December 2012 with CTD of 6.12±0.87, 6.71±1.59 and 5.41±1.69, respectively.
2.Activity of Ceratitis capitata in response to some of weather factors:
In this work, some of environmental factors; maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity ( here after referred as R.H.%) and maximum and minimum soil temperature at 5cm depth, were studied during two successive seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively. Multifactor’s regression analysis was carried out for each factor in all season. In the first season, maximum and minimum air temperature, and maximum R.H.% had insignificant correlation (positive or negative) towards MFF population. However, minimum soil temperature at 5cm depth and minimum R.H.% had highly significant positive correlation towards the swarminig activity of MFF in Assuit governorate.In the second season, maximum air temperature and minimum soil temperature at 5cm depth indicated highly significant negative correlation towards MFFpopulation occurrence in the field. Effeciency of this studied factors, totally, was 53% and 47% in first and second seasons, respectively.So, it is suggested that there are other factors (biotic or abiotic) affect the population fluctuation of C.capitata in the field.
3. The occurrence and distribution of population C.capitata in Assuit governorate:
3.1. The occurrence of population dynamics of C. capitata in response to different districts:
The occurrence of C. capitata adult males was studied in three districts in Assuit Governorate; Elquosia (North), Assuit (center) and Elbadary (south).The distribution of MFF differs from area to another during two seasons. The highest capture of Mediterranean fruit fly was in Elbadary in all months of the first season; 2011/2012. Also, in the first season, the highest capture of MFF was on August, September and October 2012 in Elquosia district with CTD= 1.75±1.67, 7.086±1.89 and 8.25±3.18, respectively. While Assuit district had higher capture of MFF than two other districts with CTD = 1.97±1.68 on July 2012.El-badary district had the biggest opportunity in the presence of MFF during two season; 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 with total percentage 66% and 63%, respectively .The difference in population of C. capitata may be due to difference in density of host plant and the variation of host plants that differ from region to another or differ in quality of soil type; whereas part of life cycle of Medfly spends in the soil (3rd instar of larva and pupae).
3.2. Host plant-location-C. capitata interaction:
3.2.1. In peach orchards:
During fruiting period of peach orchards, the highest monthly CTD (8.51±5.84, 7.39±3.71 and 8.71±6.20 on May, June and July, respectively) was In Elbadary district along the fruiting season in 2011.While in 2012, the highest population of MFF on May was in Elbadary (CTD=1.85±0.91) , on June was in Elquosia (CTD=1.81±0.78) and on July was in Assuit (CTD= 1.97±1.68).