الفهرس 
Introduction
Effect of Dietary MOS on Growth Performance of ramsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Animal Experimental Farm, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
The aim of this study was to determine body performance, selected blood metabolites , carcass characteristics and Histological examination of small intestine in rams supplemented with mannan oligosaccharide.
Eighteen Saidi rams of about 24 kg body weight were used in this trial. Animals were assigned randomly to three treatment groups ( C, MOS1 and MOS2) with an average body weight, 24.00, 24.08 and 24.17 kg, respectively. The control group (C) was fed on MOS free diet while MOS1 and MOS2 treated groups received 2.0 and 4.0 g MOS supplementation in the diets / kg diet . Animals were fed roughage and concentrate diet ad libitum during the experimental period. The experimental period lasted for 6 months. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment in the morning before feeding and biweekly thereafter to determine body weight. Feed consumption was determined, live weight gain and feed conversion (kg feed / kg gain) were calculated. Over the entire experimental period of 180 day, average body weight in control and MOS treated groups (MOS1 and MOS2) was 44.17, 48.50 and 45.83 Kg, respectively.
Blood samples were obtained monthly before feeding from all experimental animals and resumed by Jugular veinpuncture and transferred to vials which centrifuged to obtain sera to estimate total protein, albumine, urea nitrogen ,total bilirubin, triglyceride, glucose ,total cholesterol, thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormones .
At the end of the experimental period, 5 animals from the experimental groups were slaughtered. The weight of empty body, dressing percentage edible and non edible parts of carcass was calculated. The physiological volume of stomach components ( Reticulo-rumen and Omaso-abomasum ) and small intestine ( Duodenum, jejunum and ileum ) were measured. Samples of Semimemberanosus, Supraspinatus and Longissimus dorsi muscles were taken to determine its contents of moisture, fat, protein and ash.
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissue samples for light microscopy were prepared . Slides were evaluated to measure villi height, villi width at the crypt/villi junction and at the tip and crypt depth. Surface area was also calculated.
The obtained results are summarized in the following:
I-Growth performance
1- Average body weight of MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams was insignificantly higher by about 9.80 % and 3.73 % respectively than that of control group.
2- Average daily gain of MOS treated rams was higher in MOS1 and
MOS2 supplementation groups by about 22.17 % (P< 0.05) and 7.32 %
Compared with control ones.
3- MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams had higher intake of roughage, concentrate ( P<0.05) and total feed intake than those of control ones.
4- Feed conversion of MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams was lower insignificantly by about 10.42 % and 5.35 %,respectively than that of control group.
II-Selected blood Metabolic profiles.
1-Serum total protein and total globulins levels increased by about (6.21 % and 3.80 % ) and ( 15.97 % and 9.68 % ) and decreased A/G ratio by about ( 16.04 % and 10.38 %) in MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams, respectively than those in controls.
2- At the end of experimental study, the values of serum glucose concentration increased insignificantly by about 13.40 % and 9.37 % in MOS1 and MOS2 treated animals, respectively than in controls.
3- The overall means of serum total cholesterol concentration were decreased significantly (P<0.05) by about 8.18% and 6.39% due to fed MOS1 and MOS2, respectively in the diet compared to a control diet.
4-Rams treated with MOS tended to decrease serum triglycerides concentration by about 6.69% and 3.497 % in MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams, respectively than in controls.
5- Dietary MOS increased serum urea nitrogen concentrations at the end experimental study by about (21.7%) and (16.73%) in MOS1 and MOS2, respectively compared with treated rams .
6- Serum total bilirubin level was lower by about 12% in MOS1 and MOS2 treated rams than in control ones.
7- Triiodothyronine hormone was increased significantly (p<0.05) while
thyroxine hormone was increased insignificantly in MOS treated rams
compared with untreated animals.
III- Carcass characteristics
1-Supplementation of dietary MOS in the diet of siadi rams increased hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, right (P<0.05) and left side percentages.
2- Most of edible and non edible parts tended to be heavier for MOS treated rams.
3-Fat of heart, kidney and pelvic, gut, intestine and total fat tended to be lower for MOS1 and MOS2 groups than control ones.
4- Full rumen and gastrointestinal contents were lower by -2.37 and -5.16 in rams treated with MOS1 and higher by +2.71 and +6.05 in MOS2 supplementation diet, respectively which compared with a control group.
5- The overall mean weight of testicular measurements ( weight of right and left Testis, circumference, length and volume of left testes ) increased in rams fed MOS, and heavier in MOS1 than in MOS2 compared with a control rams.
6- The proportion of muscle/ bone and muscle/fat ratios increased in treated groups compared with a control.
7-Left carcass side weight and carcass cuts were heavier in animals fed diet supplemented with MOS than controls.
8- A high priced cuts (leg, sirloin and best neck and fillet) were heavier by 29.05% and 12.7% of rams fed diet supplemented with MOS1 and MOS2 additives ,respectively compared with the control.
9-The highest part of high priced cuts was observed in fillet cut for MOS1 and MOS2 supplementation by about 57.14% (P<0.05) and 14.29%, respectively than control rams.
10- Individual skeletal muscle of Semimemberanosus (SM), Supraspinatus (SP) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) were increased in the case of the dietary supplementation with MOS.
11- Chemical analysis of samples of Semimemberanosus , Supraspindus and Longissimus dorsi muscles showed that MOS - treated rams had a significant ( P<0.05) reduction of fat percentage, increasing of protein (p<0.05) and total protein as compared with controls.
IV- Morphology of small intestine
1- The level of MOS in the ration had significant effects on VH,VW, VH/CD ratio and surface area in duodenum (P <0.05). The greatest
values for VH , VH/CD ratio and surface area were observed in the 2%
dietary MOS among treatments. However, the VW was larger in the
control treatment compared with the other treatments.
2- In the jejunum, different levels of MOS in the ration had significant (p<0.05) effects on VH ,CD , VH/CD ratio and surface area. Similar to the parameters observed in the duodenum, VH , CD, VH/CD and surface area were the highest in the MOS1 treatment in the present study.
3- All morphological parameters in the ileum were affected by MOS supplemented diet (P < 0.05).