الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pain is always a subjective experience, so the self-report of pain
measures are considered the best tools for assessing children’s perceptual or
psychological experience of pain, also they help the dentists for using simple
approach to evaluate children’s pain. The pain intensity scales most
commonly used with children include faces scales, numerical rating scales,
visual analogue scales and others.
The present study design is observational, analytical used to collect and
analyze data related to variables affecting self-reported pain among a group of
Egyptian children who attended two different dental treatment facilities in
Alexandria and Damanhour cities. The aim of the study was to determine the
effect of different interpersonal and treatment variables as well as the level of
dental anxiety on the child self-reported pain after dental injection. The study
also aims at the assessment of changes in the child’s self-reported pain
following dental injection performed in two subsequent dental treatment
sessions carried out in two different treatment facilities.
The study sample included fifty child patients (mean age of group I
was 7.99 ± 0.81, in group II was 7.73 ± 0.60). The sample was composed of
two equal groups (25each), according to the geographic location of dental
treatment facilities. Patients in group I were randomly selected from the
outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry,
Alexandria University and were treated by pediatric dentists. Patients in group
II were randomly selected from the outpatients’ clinics of Damanhour
governmental hospitals and were treated by general practitioners operating in
the clinics. The criteria for selection of children were an age ranging from 7-
12 years and children with no physical or mental disabilities in need to restore
their primary molars and requiring at least two subsequent treatment sessions
requiring local anesthesia.
Study tools included personal interview to collect personal data for
child, dental operator questionnaire to record their personal data, and the
Venham picture test (VPT), Visual analogue scale (VAS), Wong Baker faces
pain scale (WBFPS) to assess anxiety level among children and self-reported
pain due to dental injection. In the first visit, informed consent of the parent was obtained after detailed
explanation of the study aims and then the patient chart was completed.
Before dental injection the level of dental anxiety was measured using
the (VPT). Tell-show-do management technique was used for all patients, and
then dental injections were given after application of topical anesthesia.
Following the dental injection, which was performed by the practicing dentist
and before starting the restorative procedure, the child was asked to point out
his or her level of pain using the (VAS), (WBFPS). Following completion of
the restorative treatment, the dental operators filled out the dentist’s
questionnaire. The same procedures were repeated in the second visit.
The comparison between the dental operators in the two groups
regarding their age, gender and years since graduation revealed no significant
differences. The only significant difference among them was seen in the
number of patients treated per day.
The results of the study showed no significant difference in selfreported
pain scores between the two groups when using the VAS in both first
and second dental visits. No significant decrease in reported pain was seen
within each group between the first and the second dental visits. When using
the WBFP there was no significant difference in pain scores between the two
groups in the first dental visit, whereas a significant difference was seen in the
second dental visit. Within groups comparisons revealed only a significant
decrease between the first and the second dental visits in group II.