الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Pain is always a subjective experience, so the self-report of pain measures are considered the best tools for assessing children’s perceptual or psychological experience of pain, also they help the dentists for using simple approach to evaluate children’s pain. The pain intensity scales most commonly used with children include faces scales, numerical rating scales, visual analogue scales and others. The present study design is observational, analytical used to collect and analyze data related to variables affecting self-reported pain among a group of Egyptian children who attended two different dental treatment facilities in Alexandria and Damanhour cities. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different interpersonal and treatment variables as well as the level of dental anxiety on the child self-reported pain after dental injection. The study also aims at the assessment of changes in the child’s self-reported pain following dental injection performed in two subsequent dental treatment sessions carried out in two different treatment facilities. The study sample included fifty child patients (mean age of group I was 7.99 ± 0.81, in group II was 7.73 ± 0.60). The sample was composed of two equal groups (25each), according to the geographic location of dental treatment facilities. Patients in group I were randomly selected from the outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University and were treated by pediatric dentists. Patients in group II were randomly selected from the outpatients’ clinics of Damanhour governmental hospitals and were treated by general practitioners operating in the clinics. The criteria for selection of children were an age ranging from 7- 12 years and children with no physical or mental disabilities in need to restore their primary molars and requiring at least two subsequent treatment sessions requiring local anesthesia. Study tools included personal interview to collect personal data for child, dental operator questionnaire to record their personal data, and the Venham picture test (VPT), Visual analogue scale (VAS), Wong Baker faces pain scale (WBFPS) to assess anxiety level among children and self-reported pain due to dental injection. In the first visit, informed consent of the parent was obtained after detailed explanation of the study aims and then the patient chart was completed. Before dental injection the level of dental anxiety was measured using the (VPT). Tell-show-do management technique was used for all patients, and then dental injections were given after application of topical anesthesia. Following the dental injection, which was performed by the practicing dentist and before starting the restorative procedure, the child was asked to point out his or her level of pain using the (VAS), (WBFPS). Following completion of the restorative treatment, the dental operators filled out the dentist’s questionnaire. The same procedures were repeated in the second visit. The comparison between the dental operators in the two groups regarding their age, gender and years since graduation revealed no significant differences. The only significant difference among them was seen in the number of patients treated per day. The results of the study showed no significant difference in selfreported pain scores between the two groups when using the VAS in both first and second dental visits. No significant decrease in reported pain was seen within each group between the first and the second dental visits. When using the WBFP there was no significant difference in pain scores between the two groups in the first dental visit, whereas a significant difference was seen in the second dental visit. Within groups comparisons revealed only a significant decrease between the first and the second dental visits in group II. |