الفهرس 
قائمة المحتوياتيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The football take big part of studying and researching because it is the most popular sport in the national and international sides. And many researchers studied all the sides to elevate the levels of players to reach the highest levels in addition to make the benefits of all the sciences related to football, but it still needs to more researches and studies due to the need of innovation in the technical sides to develop the performance.
The new requirements in this sport create the necessary need of preparing the players physically very well, specifically the changing in the football achievements is related to the acceleration of offensive and defensive effects with high power levels in addition to improvement in performing the tactical duties. So, the player performs in more than one position in the team, so we can see the defender can support effectively in attacking and the forward player can defend in front of his goal. However, the player’s standing out the big effort, he must keep his physical condition all over the time of the match. The distributive of defensive and offensive duties of footballers is important and necessary, so the players are distributed usually according to the performance of their tactical duties even defensive or offensive.
The nature of playing the football with its variable situations makes the players using complex skills or compound skills and they represent constructive system is formed from many related skills (compounded) and these skills are performed mutually and every skill affects the other. The player’s possessing of individual skills and his well performance (passing, receiving, and quibbling) isn’t condition that making him performs them in a compound technique (receiving then running then quibbling then passing, or receiving then shooting) and simply and suitable for the nature of the situations during the match.
The innovation is considered as the best shapes of human activity, so in that century, it becomes an important problem from the problems of scientific research in many countries. Also the innovation is one of the education objectives which the developed countries work on achieving through selecting the best people and providing with care and all the services and using the modern scientific methods in creating the programs of improvement of innovation skills. So, we can find many footballers having many of physical, skillful and tactical abilities, but they cannot use and employ these abilities when participation in the sports competitions due to the absence of mental abilities and skills and exciting them beside their other abilities. On the other side, some of footballers achieve best sporting achievements due to use and employ their mental abilities and skills integrally and effectively during the competitions.
Through designing a scale for tactical innovation for high levels footballers which helps in obtaining the tactical innovation, and through comparing the different playing positions that scale to obtain the innovation abilities for the players in different positions, and also through the scale, there will be tactical innovative training programs which will be as indicators to judge the degree of innovation of the player with his different skills of playing football generally, and playing in different positions specifically, and these situations may support in directing the process of tactical training and effective movements in football. The importance of the research refers to the description of the tactical innovation abilities and designing a reasonable scale for innovation abilities for high levels players of football in Libya, the matter which enables the coach from developing the innovation abilities related to each tactic in playing positions in football. The current research provides us with scientific tool and participates in improving the tactical innovation abilities of footballers to reach the highest levels, and helps the researchers in supporting the validation of used tools in measuring these tactical innovation abilities which are applied for the first time on the footballers in Libya, and helps in measuring the innovations skills for footballers which help in developing the sport generally through exploring the talented players and caring them and early prediction of talented football players in high levels.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
The research aims to design the tactical innovation scale for high levels footballers through obtaining the differences in tactical innovation between the players in different positions in football.
RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS:
• The tactical innovation scale measures the tactical level for the high levels footballers.
• There are statistical differences in tactical innovation between different playing positions in football.
RESEARCH APPROACH:
The researcher used the descriptive approach (surveying study) with its steps and precautions.
HUMAN FIELD:
The high levels football players in different clubs and national teams in Libya.
THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE OF RESEARCH:
The population of research represented the high levels and first class football players (premier league players) also the players of national teams of Libya.
The basic sample of research was selected randomly from the football players from the first class clubs for season 2013-2014. After finishing the first half of the Libyan premier league whereas the participated clubs in the league were 6 clubs (Al-Ittihad, Ahly Trablus, Al-Wehda, Almadina, Ahly Benghazi, and Al-Helal) from 14 first class clubs.
THE BASIC STUDY:
The final form of the scale was applied on the basic sample of research which formed from 114 players during the period from 22/4/2014 to 17/5/2014.
The researcher ordered the structures of scale randomly and involved 5 axes and 55 status and there was number put in front of every statue indicated to the answer whereas the lowest degree matched 1 and the highest degree match 5, so there were degrees (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).
The researcher reached to the final form of the tactical innovation scale for the high levels football players in Libya and the scale was applied on the players.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. the offensive players were better than the defensive players (in the first axes “originality”) in the following status:
2. The offensive and midfield players were better than defenders in the second axis (flexibility) through the following status:
3. The offensive players were better than defenders in the third axis (fluency) in the following status.
4. The offensive and midfield players were better than the defenders in the fourth axis (problem sensing) with its offensive and defensive sides in the following status:
5. The offensive players were better than the defenders in the fifth axis (making quick decisions) with its offensive and defensive sides in the following status.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
According to the previous conclusions which the research reached to, the researcher recommended with working on the concept of the tactical innovation according to what the research shows from supporting of the tactical innovation as mental ability in tactical acting and its importance in reaching with the players to the highest levels through:
• The necessity of the psychologist.
• Using the tactical innovation scale for high levels players to obtain the degree of their innovation and making program to stable it.
• The necessity of directing the coaches and the workers in the football field to use the tactical innovation ability as factor in evaluation, selection, direction and diagnosing through selecting the tactical situation (defense, midfield and offense)
• The interest during making football training program with growing the mental side with its different properties and growing the other requirements.
• The coach must give the opportunities to the players in the training and putting them in hard situations to enable the player from passing from these situations continuously.
• The researchers must make similar studies to obtain the tactical innovation for high levels players in the other sports.
Research Abstract
Design a Scale for Tactical Innovation for High Levels Footballers
The researcher: Gamal Ali Masoud Kahlos
The football take big part of studying and researching because it is the most popular sport in the national and international sides. And many researchers studied all the sides to elevate the levels of players to reach the highest levels in addition to make the benefits of all the sciences related to football, but it still needs to more researches and studies due to the need of innovation in the technical sides to develop the performance.
The new requirements in this sport create the necessary need of preparing the players physically very well, specifically the changing in the football achievements is related to the acceleration of offensive and defensive effects with high power levels in addition to improvement in performing the tactical duties. So, the player performs in more than one position in the team, so we can see the defender can support effectively in attacking and the forward player can defend in front of his goal. However, the player’s standing out the big effort, he must keep his physical condition all over the time of the match. The distributive of defensive and offensive duties of footballers is important and necessary, so the players are distributed usually according to the performance of their tactical duties even defensive or offensive.