Discussion of the Present Problem

   The Objectives

   Properties of Expansive Soils

   Mineralogical Studies

   Geotechnical Studies

   Clay Mineralogy

   Activity

   Capillarity and Matric Suction

   Swell Pressure Measurements (Laboratory and Field)

   Other Investigations

   Comparisons and Implications of Laboratory Tests

   Field Measurements of Swell and Swell Pressure

   Comparisons of Laboratory and Field Measurements

   Summary of Literature Review Findings

   Conclusions Literature Review

   Swelling Pressure in the Lateral Direction

   Principally Theoretical Analyses

   Principally Experimental Analyses

   Prediction Methods for Lateral Pressures in Expansive Soils

   Traditional Retaining Wall Design

   Basic Concepts

   Rigid Walls

   Objectives

   The Properties of Used Soil

   Pressure Cells

   The Laboratory Model

   Apparatus model for measuring lateral swell pressure in the field (after constructing by using expansive soil as a backfill)

   Apparatus Model for Field Measuring Before Construction

   Introduction

   Factors Influencing Lateral Swell Pressure

   Laboratory study on the effect of lateral swell pressure due to expansive soil on retaining structures

   Field Study on Distribution of Lateral Swell Pressure Using Expansive Soil as a Backfill

   The Relationship of Lateral Swell Pressure with Depth and Time before Construction

   Comparison Between Lateral Swell Pressure with Depth at Different Times Between Laboratory Experiment and Field Test by Using Fill and Field Test Before Construction

   Prediction and Calculation of the Lateral Swell Pressure due to Expansive Soil on Retaining Structure

   Conclusions

   Recommendations