الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 51 |  |  |
| | | from | 51 | | |
Abstract
In the present study the following type of polymeric surfactants has been prepared.
• In the first part:
Nonionic polymeric surfactants were prepared as the following steps:
a. Synthesis of polymer from reaction of allyl alcohol with acrylonitrile.
b. This polymer was reacted with different fatty acids (decanoic, myrestic and stearic) in order to obtain half ester polymers.
c. Prolpylene oxide was added directly to synthesized polymers (5, 10, 15 and 20 mole), in the presence of KOH as a catalyst.
d. The propenoxylated polymer was reacted with hydroxyl amine in the presnence of NaOH to obtain amide oxime nonionic polymeric surfactants.
e. The unique structural features of these compounds were confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectra.
f. Molecular weights of polymers were determined and physical properties of polymers were evaluated.
g. The surface properties of these compounds such as cloud point, surface tension, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration, foam power, emulsification ability, wetting power were evaluated. Sample IIId gave the highest foam with increasing length poly oxypropylene group while sample Id gave lowest wetting time and highest cloud point, sample IIIa gave the best emulsification power.
h. Effectiveness, minimum surface area maximum surface excess and Hydrophile-Lipophile balance were evaluated.
i. Stability to hydrolysis in acidic and alkaline medium indicated that increasing stability of samples in acidic medium than basic medium specially for samples IIIc and IIId with increasing length poly oxypropylene group and fatty chain length.
j. Thermodynaomic parameters at different temperature indicate that all surfactants favor the adsorption process before micellization process
k. The biodegradability in aqueous medium indicates that these surfactants important in decreasing the environmental pollutions.
• In the second part:
Nonionic polymeric surfactants were prepared as the following steps:
a. Synthesis of monoester of itaconic acid which result from reaction of itaconic acid with fatty alcohols (octyl, lauryl and cetyl)
b. The product was reacted with thionylchloride to obtain itaconyl chloride monoester which reacted with (ethanolamine and diethanolamine ).
c. The reaction of monoester of itaconic acid with triethanol amine, in presence of P-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst take place directly
d. Propylene oxide was added to previous compounds (5,10 and 15), in the presence of KOH as a catalyst in order to obtain the first monomer.
e. The second monomer was prepared by adding hydroxylamine to acrylonitrile in presence of NaOH
f. The two monomers were polymerized in presence of benzoyl peroxide in order to obtain nonionic polymeric surfactants with an amide oxime terminal group (Ia1-IIIc3)aiming to serve a double function, as surfactants and as molecular aggregates in aqueous medium
g. The unique structural features of these compounds were confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectra.
h. Molecular weights of polymers were determined and physical properties of polymers were evaluated.
i. The surface properties of these compounds such as cloud point, surface tension, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration, foam power, emulsification ability, wetting power were evaluated. Sample IIIc3 gave the highest foam with increasing length poly oxypropylene group while sample Ia3 gave lowest wetting time and highest cloud point, sample IIIc1 gave the best emulsification power.
j. Sample Ia1 gave the best minimum surface area and maximum surface excess
k. Hydrophile-Lipophile balance were evaluated Stability to hydrolysis in acidic and alkaline medium was determined.
l. Thermodynaomic parameters were evaluated at different temperature.
m. Sample Ia1 degradable in 5 days while IIIc3 degradable in 7days in aqueous medium indicates that these surfactants important in decreasing the environmental pollutions.