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Abstract
The study was conducted to precipitate the prevalence of mastitis and its risk factors in two dairy farms in El- Gharbia(A) and El-Sharkia(B) Governorates. A total of 770 (650 in farm A and 120 in farm B) Holstein milking cows were examined clinically and by California mastitis test (CMT). Prevalence of mastitis at cow level in farm (A) and (B) were (15.4% and 8.3%) and ( 24.6% and 21.7%) for clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. While at quarter level were (4.6% and 2.1%) and (10.4% and 7.3%) for clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. In farm (A) and (B) (81.7% and 90%) of clinical samples and ( 77.8% and 80% ) of subclinical samples were found to be culture positive, respectively. The isolated bacteria in farm (A) and (B) were E.Coli (31% and 23.4), S.aureus (24.8% and 38.3%), CNS (16.4% and 8.5%), Strp. agalactiae (12.2 and 25.5%) and other Streptococci (15.6% and 4.3%), respectively. Most isolates were sensitive to marbofloxacin and amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and gentamycin. Risk factors such as stage of lactation, parity, season , udder and teat shape were highly significant in the mastitis prevalence . Prevalence was higher in lactating cow at early lactation stage, with parity number (3-5), during winter months, one quarter affected cows, hind quarters, with pendulous udder and teat-end hyperkeratosis than those corresponding animals. Combination of local and systemic treatment of clinical mastitic cases was more effective in the treatment of clinical mastitis cases. Moreover, the total cost of clinical mastitic case in farm (A) was 1090.1 L.E, which was greater than that of farm (B) 818 L.E the difference was due to variation in hygienic measurements and milk production.