الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bacteriological examination of 100 chicken meat samples (50 breasts and 50 thighs), 30 human stool samples from apparently healthy persons and 50 chicken intestine samples were investigated. 21 samples (chicken meat samples) were found to be bacteriologically positive for campylobacters with the incidence of 11.7%. The incidence of C. jejuni and C. coli among positive samples was 8% and 13%, respectively, among the chicken meat samples. The results of this study are dependent on three optimized factors for selective enrichment of Campylobacter including; the pre-enrichment broth, blood based solid media and antibiotic supplements. All C. coli isolates were resistant to metronidazole (100%), and showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (69.2% each) followed by norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ceftriaxone (61.5% each) then amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (46.1% each) and tetracycline (38.4%). Also, all C. jejuni isolates were resistant to metronidazole (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (62.5% each) and tetracycline (50%). On the other hand 84.6% of C. coli strains were sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by chloramphenicol (69.2%). Also, 87.5% of the C. jejuni strains were sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by chloramphenicol and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5% each). All the examined strains revealed negative reaction for three tested QRDRs; gyrB, parE and parC. All quninlone resistant isolates in terms of their antibiotic biotypes showed PCR results. Molecular detection of gyrA is considered a simple, rapid and effective way to discriminate gyrA gene mutant resistant isolates of Campylobacter species without the need for sequencing.