الفهرس 
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Abstract
DS is the most common condition associated with severe mental retardation in the general population. Survival of individuals with DS has improved considerably in the past 40 years. Sleep disturbances and disorders likely affect one quarter of all children in general. Sleep problems are a significant source of distress for families and may be one of the primary reasons for caregiver stress in families with children who have chronic medical illness or severe neurodevelopmental delays. Children experience both behavioral sleep disturbances centered on initiating and maintaining sleep, and physiological sleep disturbances such as sleep disordered breathing and disorders of arousal. Sleep problems have been associated with daytime sleepiness, behavioral difficulties, mood and emotional problems, lower academic achievement, unintentional injury, and adverse health problems in children. Parental perception of sleep problems is an important contributor to a family’s quality of life.
The aim of the present study was to: Study the sleep problems in children with DS.
A comparative cross sectional study design was carried out ona group of 50 children with DS attending the neurology clinic in AUCH were selected together with 50 apparent healthy children with matched age and sex were selected and included as a control group.
Data was collected through:
• A pre designed structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data required from the mothers.
• Assessment of sleep problems was assessed using the CSHQ.
The SPSS 16.0 statistical packages was used for data entry and analysis.
The findings of this study were as follows:
- Age ranged between 4.0-14.0 for both groups with the mean of 8.16 2.99 and 8.243.18 for cases and control groups respectively
- The included 26 (52.0%) and 24 (48.0%) boys and 24 (48.0%) and 26 (52.0%) girls for cases and control groups respectively.
- More than one third (34.0%) had congenital heart disease in form of (VSD and AV canal), 66.0% without congenital heart disease.
- The percent for non-disjunction were 88.0%, for translocation were 8.0% and for mosaic were 4.0%.
- Score for bedtime resistance ranged between 6.0-16.0 and 8.0-16.0 with the mean of 8.26+2.30 and 12.762.50 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups
- Score for sleep anxiety ranged between 4.0-11.0 and 6.0-12.0 with the mean of 5.281.67 and 8.921.81 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Score for night waking ranged between 3.0-6.0 and 4.0-7.0 with the mean of 3.280.64 and 6.140.76 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Score for parasomnia ranged between 7.0-12.0 and 8.0-20.0 with the mean of 7.901.09 and 12.922.75 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Score for sleep-related breath problems ranged between 3.0-5.0 and 4.0-9.0 with the mean of 3.200.45 and 7.401.51 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Score for day time sleepiness ranged between 6.0-10.0 and 8.0-22.0 with the mean of 7.581.21 and 15.423.52 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Total sleep score ranged between 33.0-53.0 and 45.0-86.0 with the mean of 37.083.71 and 63.889.37 for control and cases groups respectively with statistical significant difference between the two groups.
- Significant negative correlations were found between age and subscales 1 (bedtime resistance), 4 (sleep anxiety), 6 (parasomnia) and 8 (day time sleepiness), together with total sleep score. On the other hand significant positive correlation was found between age and subscale 2 (sleep onset delay). The correlations between age and subscales3 (sleep duration), 5 (night waking), 7 (sleep related breathing problems) were of no statistical significance.
- No relation was seen between total sleep score and both sex and associated congenital heart disease.
- All the cases had total sleep score > 41 denoting sleep problems but only 44% had parental awareness. No statistical significance difference was found between parental awareness of sleep disorders among their children in both case and control groups