الفهرس 
Physical and Chemical Features
LycopeneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a simplest aldehyde, it is a
highly water soluble compound which can rapidly diffuse
into many tissues . Due to its high chemical reactivity, the
exposure to FA elicits pulmonary cell recruitment and
increases microvascular leakage in the upper airways of
animals , and increase the production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and inflammation.
The present study aimed to elucidate the protective role of
lycopene (lyco.) , grape seed extract (GES) either
individually or in combination in mitigating the oxidative
stress, inflammatory and apoptotic insults on lung tissue
induced by formaldehyde (FA) inhalation in experimental
rat model.
A total numberof 90 albino rats were used in current
study. The animals were classified into nine experimental
groups (10 rats /groups) .
-The firstGroup: served as negative control group
- The second group:rats were exposed to 10 ppm FA for (6
h / day, 5 days/week) for 8 weeks (FA 10 ppm).
- The third group: rats wereexposed to 20 ppm FA for (6h /
day, 5days/week) for 8 weeks (FA 20 ppm )
- The fourth group:rats wereorally administeredwith lyco
in a dose of (10 mg/ kg/5day/ week for 8 weeks) prior exposure to 10 ppm FA by inhalation for (6 h / day ,
5days /week) for 8 weeks (FA10PPm+ Lyco.)
- The fifth group : rats were orally administered with lyco
in a dose of (10 mg/ kg/5day/ week for 8 weeks) prior
exposure to 20 ppm FA by inhalation for (6 h / day ,
5days /week) for 8 weeks (FA 20PPm+ Lyco.) .
- The sixth group : was orally administered with GSE in a
dose of (150 mg/ kg/5day/ week for 8 weeks) prior
exposure to 10 ppm FA by inhalation for (6 h / day ,
5days /week) for 8 weeks (FA10PPm+GSE)
- The seventh group : rats wereorally administered with
GSE in a dose of (150 mg/ kg/5day/ week for 8 weeks)
prior exposure to 20 ppm FA by inhalation for (6 h / day ,
5days /week) for 8 weeks .(FA20PPm+GSE).
- The eighth group:rats were orally administered with Lyco
in a dose of (10 mg/ kg/day) and GSE in a dose of (150 mg/
kg/day) prior exposure to 10 ppm FA by inhalation for (6
h / day , 5days /week) for 8 weeks (FA10PPm + Lyco. +
GSE).
- The ninth group:rats were orally administered with Lyco.
in a dose of (10 mg/ kg/day) and GSE in a dose of (150 mg/
kg/day) prior exposure to 20 ppm FA by inhalation for (6
h / day , 5days /week) for 8 weeks. (FA20PPm +Lyco+
GSE).
The therapeutic potential of lycopene , grape seed
extracteither individually or in combination in
ameliorating the oxidative damage , inflammatory and
apoptotic insults on lung tissue induced by formaldehyde (FA) inhalation in rats was evaluated . This was achieved
by assessing relevant biomarkers including ; oxidative
stress biomarkers [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide
(NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant status [
glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and catalase (CAT)] in lung homogenate using
spectrophotometric methods, apoptotic markers [ p53 and B
cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)]using ELISA technique and
inflammatory markers [ IL-6 ,IL-8 and IL-10 ] in blood
serum using ELISA technique.Additionally,
Histopathological investigation of the lung tissue was a
carried out in all groups .
The obtained results were as follows:
1- The present results revealed that exposure to FA either
low dose (10ppm ) and high dose (20ppm) resulted in
significant elevation in lung oxidants NO, H2O2 and
MDA levels accompanied with significant depletion in
lung antioxidant SOD, CAT as well as GSHpxenzymes activities levels. Moreover, exposure to FA
significantly increased the levels of lung P53, IL -6 and
IL-8, while, significant depletion in lung Bcl-2 and
serum IL-10 were recorded.
2- Treatment with lycopene and / or grape seed extract
caused significant decrease inlung oxidants NO, H2O2
and MDA levels accompanied with significant increase
in levels of lung antioxidant SOD, CAT as well as
GSH-Px activities . Moreover, levels of lung P53 , IL -6
and IL-8 were significantly decreased,while,significant increase in lung Bcl-2 and serum IL-10
were evoked.
3- Histopathological investigation of lung tissue of rats in
groups challenged to formaldehyde 10ppm and 20ppm
showed peribronchiolarlymphoid hyperplasia associated
with sever congestion in the blood vessels as well as
peribronchoilar inflammatory cells infiltration and
alveolar collapse and emphysema.
4-Histopathological examination of lung tissue of treated
groups revealed significant protection against
formaldehyde (FA) inhalation as indicated by improvement
in the biochemical parameters.