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Abstract Summary The current study involves two sections: the first section is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of different group 8B metal-Schiff base complexes. These complexes have been examined for their antimicrobial activities against the growth of various strains of bacteria. The second section involves the implementation of the prepared complexes in the fabrication of chemical sensors, which were found ideal for detection of iodide ions in real samples. The results have validated the sensors to be successfully implemented as indicator electrodes in analytical applications for detection of the iodide ions in real samples. Chapter one: This chapter reviews general concepts of potentiometry, the basic theory of chemical sensors, historical background, characteristics, and classification of potentiometric sensors with particular emphasis on ionselective electrodes. Chapter two: This chapter involves the synthesis of novel mononuclear Fe(III), Ru(III) and Ru(I) complexes as the result of the reactions of the corresponding metal chloride salt (FeCl3 and RuCl3) as well as the metal carbonyl Summary II (Ru3(CO)12) with neutral N2O2 donor tetradentate Schiff bases namely: N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine and (R,R)-(−)-N,N′-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2- cyclohexanediamine (H2L2), The prepared complexes have been characterized by various analytical techniques including elemental analyses (CHN), FT-IR, ESR, UV–Vis spectra and thermal studies. All the complexes are colored, stable in air and were found to be water-insoluble but soluble in polar solvents like DMF and DMSO. The analytical data obtained suggested a stoichiometry of metal: ligand ratio of 1:1 for all of prepared complexes. All the complexes have octahedral geometry. Some of the prepared complexes have electrolytic nature, which came in accordance with the proposed structure revealing the ionic nature of the complexes, while others have non-ionic nature. The melting points of the complexes were higher than that of the ligands indicating that the complexes are much more stable than the ligands. Fe(III) and Ru(III) complexes of the Schiff base (H2L1) exhibited antibacterial activity unlike that of the other Schiff base(H2L2) relative to the standard drugs, while Ru(I) complex with H2L1 has exhibited very high antibacterial activity relative to the other complexes. Summary III Chapter three: This chapter depicts the fabrication of polymeric membrane electrodes based on the previously prepared Schiff base-metal ion complexes of Iron(III) and Ruthenium(III) using various membrane compositions of polymer matrix (e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane), plasticizers (e.g., NPOE, DOS) and ionic additives (e.g., TDMAC, TFPB…etc.). In addition, this chapter also involves the potentiometric response characteristic of these novel selective liquid/polymeric membrane electrodes towards iodide over other anions. Furthermore, the response characteristics of such sensors, namely: selectivity, response time, life time, potentiometric signal reversibility and the pH effect were all investigated and optimized to achieve the best performance. The operative response mechanism of the optimized sensor towards the selective anion was also studied and established. The results showed that the optimized electrode exhibited linear response over wide range of concentrations and pH values. The analytical applications of the optimized electrode were performed successfully by determination of iodide content in real samples and the results obtained were in good agreement with standard potentiometric method |