الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is defined as a phenotypic manifestation of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that alters health and increases mortality. This chronic disease results from complex interactions of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors correlating with economic and social status and lifestyles. Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges for the current century and based on WHO report, it is being increased in the worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is not a single disorder and it represents a series of metabolic conditions associated with hyperglycemia. This metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which may arise from defects in the secretion of insulin, defects in insulin action, or both resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases across the world and number of diabetic patients is on rise. Our study was conducted on ninety (90) human males their ages ranged from 45-60 years old who were selected from the outpatient’s department of Menoufia University hospital and were classified into 3 groups. First one was 30 healthy men referred to as control; second group was 30 obese men with BMI ranged between 30-34.9 kg/m2 while third group was 30 type 2 diabetic men. All studied patients should be with a history of hospital admission due to their disease whether obesity or type 2 diabetes and they were subjected to complete history taking and clinical examination to exclude any metabolic, genetic or inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of Tt and SHBG as sexual biomarkers in obese men and type 2 diabetic men and to evaluate the extent relation and what over the link of serum Tt and SHBG concentrations
Summary
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with dyslipidemia in obesity and with insulin resistance or insulin deficiency in T2D. Over 95% of testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells of the testes. Testosterone is popularly thought of as a “sex hormone” whose primary role is to turn boys into men and thereafter maintain their libido and ability to have erections for sexual activity. SHBG is primarily synthesized in the liver and it is a plasma glycoprotein that binds with high affinity to sex steroids, thereby regulating their bioavailability and access to target cells. Furthermore, binding of SHBG to its specific membrane receptor modulates sex-steroid signaling. Our study showed that there was highly statistically significant decrease in testosterone and SHBG levels in obese group compared to control group (P value < 0.01) and these reduced levels of testosterone and SHBG were associated with unfavorable lipid profile in this obese group which appeared as significant increase in TAG, cholesterol, LDL-C levels and as significant decrease in HDL-C level (P value < 0.01). Also we found that testosterone and SHBG levels were directly correlated with HDL-C and inversely correlated with TAG, cholesterol and LDL-C and all these relationships were statistically significant. Our study also showed that there was highly statistically significant decrease in testosterone and SHBG levels in type 2 diabetic group compared to control group (P value < 0.01) and these reduced levels of testosterone and SHBG were associated with highly significant increase in glucose, HbA1c and insulin levels in this type 2 diabetic group (P value < 0.01). Also we found that testosterone and SHBG levels were inversely correlated with glucose, HbA1c and insulin and all these relationships were statistically significant.
Summary
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Finally, these lowered levels of testosterone and SHBG which were observed in this study about obesity and T2D in aged men may be considered as good biomarkers in future prediction of occurrence of these diseases.