الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Labor pain is one of the most painful situations the female can experience, labor pain when unrelieved can have adverse effects on the course of labor as well as on the fetal wellbeing. Recent years have seen a dramatic shift away from general anaesthesia in favor of regional anaesthesia in obstetrics. Neuraxial techniques are widely accepted as the most effective and the least depressant method of providing pain relief in labor and cesarean section. Neuraxial techniques have proved to be extremely safe when managed well. However, despite the benefits of regional anaesthesia, as any anaesthetic technique, they carry with them the potential for complications and consequently there is a number of recognized contraindications to its use. Adverse reactions and complications, although rare, some of which, may be serious, life-threatening and/or permanently disabling. They range from self- limited back soreness to debilitating permanent neurological deficits and even death. Complications can be attributed to several causes: exaggerated physiological responses, needle/catheter placement and medication toxicity.