الفهرس 
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Abstract
The liver cancer is a type of cancer ranked as the first malignant tumor in Egypt. We have used the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to diagnose this type of cancer. A Nd: YAG laser at wavelength of 532 nm with moderated irradiance of 5.7x108 W/cm2 was used to initiate plasma on surface of liver tissue. The light emitted from plasma was analyzed which allowed detection of trace elements in malignant relative to normal one (Zero reading). 26 malignant samples in the age range from 6 to 56 years were categorized into 4 sets with different levels of malignancy depending on histological analysis. LIBS- Technique was used to identify the following trace elements (Mg, K, Ca,Na, Fe, Mn and Cu). The concentration of the different trace elements were found steeply rise with category #1 in the malignant tissues w.r.t the corresponding normal (Zero) one by a factors of X6.5, 2.5, 7, 4.5, 7, 6.5, 2.5, respectively. A further increase in the relative concentration was detected as we passing from category #2 to #4, but with much smaller rates. Finally the results from the LIBS-Technique were fed-back to the international artificial neural network (ANN) to take a decision about the classification of the cancer. A confirmation of about 80 % was found in close agreement with standard documented international values.