الفهرس 
TuberculosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
uberculosis (TB) is one of major cause of illness and death. Worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Overall, one-third of the World’s population is currently infected with the TB bacillus. 5-10% of People who are infected with TB bacilli (but who are not infected with HIV) become sick or infectious at some time during their life. People With HIV and TB infection are much more likely to develop TB.
The aim of the present work is to study the Rate of sputum conversion by direct smear in the pulmonary tuberculous patients under D.O.T.S IN 23 JULY chest hospital in EL MARG from January 2006 to July 2011.
In the current study the patients data collected from the records of 23 July chest hospital during the period from January 2006 to July 200, the data including:
A. TB registration code: patient number in tuberculosis registry.
B. Name.
C. Age group.
D. Sex.
E. Type of the patient: based on history of previous treatment.
F. Diagnosis: according to the site of the lesion.
G. Regimen of treatment: the total number of cases treated yearly by all categories of treatment.
H. Sputum examination: at 0 months, 2nd month, 3rd month.
I. Treatment outcome: - for all cases at the end of treatment.
Measurement of indicators for every year alone:
These indicators were designed by World Health Organization to determine NTP quality and effectiveness. These indicators are:
• Incidence rate (case notification rate): for new cases, new and relapse cases, all cases and new smear positive pulmonary cases.
• New pulmonary TB cases with no smear result.
• New adult smear positive cases.
• Re-treatment TB cases.
• New TB cases with no smear conversion result.
• Sputum conversion rate at the end of the initial phase of treatment.
• Cure rate.
• Treatment completion rate.
• Death rate.
• Treatment failure rate.
• Default rate.
• Transfer out rate.
• Re-treatment failure rate (chronic TB rate).
All this data were statically analyzed.
In the present study total number of Tuberculosis patient were (2711) which 1574 (58.1) of them were male and 1137(41.9) were male. It was apparent that the highest percentage of tuberculous patient was in the age group 15 y (43.4%) and lowest percentage of tuberculous patient was in the age group < 15y (10.1%).
In the present study Sputum smear microscopy for pulmonary cases revealed that the percentage of smear positive cases (14%) was significantly lower than the percentage of smear negative cases (62.4%).
In the present study Conversion rate for all tuberculous cases which the sputum positive cases at 2nd month was (3.9%) and negative at 2nd month were (59.1%) and sputum positive cases at 2nd month (5.3%) at year of 2011 and sputum negative cases at 2nd month was (72.3%) at year of 2009.
In the present study Frequency Distribution of the Studied Cases According To outcome of the treatment which 27.5 % cure, 58.4% complete, 1.2 % failure, 8.5% death, 3.4% default % and 1.3 % transfer out.
In the present study Frequency Distribution of the Studied Cases according To Outcome of the treatment and gender which the cure percentage were highest at male patient (61.5%) compared to female patient (38.5%), the percentage of cases complete were (56.8%) at male compared to (43.2%) at female, the percentage of cases fail were (66.7%) at male compared to (33.1%) at female, the percentage of cases death were (54.1%) at male compared to (45.9%) at female, the percentage of cases default were (61.5%) at male compared to (38.5%) at female and the percentage of cases transfer out were (51.4%) at male compared to (48.6%) at female.
Tuberculosis is still a health care problem in 23 July chest hospital. Case detection and notification is still a problem in chest care centers in23 July chest hospital due to lack in laboratory services. The implementation of DOTS in 23 July chest hospital had led to significant increase in treatment success rate and decrease in default and failure rates.