الفهرس 
Cartilage canalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Long bone development and growth occur through endochondral ossification, which occurs during embryonic development. During embryonic development, the mesenchymal tissue transformed into a cartilage template and the bone tissue is formed on remnants of this cartilage tissue. The growth cartilage of the long bone is formed of chondrocytes which secrete and maintain the surrounding cartilage extracellular matrix. The chondrocytes of the growth cartilage are organized into three dynamic zones; resting, proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Resting cells act as stem cells for the proliferative chondrocytes. The proliferative chondrocytes undergo a continuous division and differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Hypertrophic chondrocytes die by a mechanism described by many authors as apoptosis; however some recent studies confirmed the hypertrophic chondrocytes die by non-apoptotic modes of physiological cell death. Dying chondrocytes leave empty lacunae and degraded matrix, on which the invading bone cells deposit bone tissue. Continuous proliferation and death of chondrocytes with bone tissue formation lead to long bone development and growth (endochondral ossification). Although, the enormous literature on the process of endochondral ossification, there are still many gaps need to be filled towards our better understanding of endochondral ossification. The current thesis was curried out with three main aims; to carefully describe the most dramatic histological changes during development of mammalian long bone, to investigate the development of the cartilage canals and to examine the modes of physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes. To achieve the three aims of the this study, samples were collected from the humerus of NewNew Zealand rabbits during a wide range of developmental stages; starting from the appearance of the limb bud until the complete development of the long bone (samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, samples from embryos of 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal 18, 21, 24 and 27 days of gestation 3, 7 postnatal development). 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Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens werewere rabidly fixed in either 4% buffered formalin (or Bouin’s solution) for paraffin sectioning or fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for semithin and ultrathin sectioning. Paraffin and semithin sections were examined with light microscopy, while ultrathin sections were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Some specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.