الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is common in developed countries and increases the risk of a variety of complications during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, which can affect both maternal and fetal outcomes. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is also associated with higher postpartum weight retention and is therefore a factor contributing to the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women and the increasing the long-term risk of weight-associated diseases, Recent publications also suggest a correlation between high maternal weight gain during pregnancy and increased risk of childhood adiposity and morbidity in the child (Lourenco, Nagalla, Vijayaraghavan& Nair, 2008). Dietary and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy are effective in reducing gestational weight gain without any adverse effect on the risk of babies small for gestational age. Compared with physical activity and a mixed approach, dietary interventions were associated with the greatest reduction in weight gain in pregnancy. Interventions also resulted in significant reduction in the risk of pre-eclampsia. There was an overall trend towards reduction in gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, and intrauterine death with intervention compared with control. Diet in particular, significantly reduced the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and preterm births compared with any other intervention. The interventions had less effect on outcomes related to fetal weight and other morbidity and mortality (Knight, 2010).
Aim of the study: to determine the effect of diet and physical activity intervention to weight gain during pregnancy. Research design: AQuasi-experimental research design (intervention group and control group) was used to achieve aim of study A convenient sample one-hundred pregnant women was selected and divided into two groups; intervention group and control group. Subjects: A convenience sample one-hundred pregnant women was selected and divided into two groups; intervention group and control gro Tools of the study: Tool I: An interview questionnaire: Appendix II` Which developed by researcher after review related literature and expert opinion which used to assess pregnant women knowledge regarding pregnancy diet during pregnant it consisted of three parts: Tool (II): International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). (Bransaeter, 2009) It included 29 questions about physical activity habit such as type prepare meal, dressing-bathing-feeding of children, TV watching period and computer working period play-carrying with children, shopping (clothing-food-other item) light cleaning ,walking slowly-walking at working sitting or standing in class carry or not carry anything during work and score zero minimum score and 29 maximum score and they were categorized 0>50 low activity 50<75 moderate activity and 75>100 vigorous activity. Tool (III): Dietary 24 recall: to assess nutritional elements of the 24 hours recall of dietary intake for 3days.It was filled by the pregnant intake DRI), Tool (IV): Physiological measurements (Weight-height) to determine body mass index (BMI) The study concluded Diet and physical activity intervention was effective in reduce weight gain during pregnancy. Intervention was effective in increasing pregnant women knowledge about health diet. Result 1. The percent of pregnant women with normal weight gain 70% is significantly higher among intervention group . 2. The study revealed that nurses was the main sources of information 48% regarding nutrition and physical activity to pregnant women among intervention group. 3. The present study revealed that the percent of women with nutritional knowledge 60% are significantly higher among intervention group 4. The present study revealed that percent of pregnant women with weight gain (Over weight) 60% is significantly higher among control 5. Present study revealed that the presence of pregnant women physical activity practices (moderate life style) are significantly higher among intervention group.
Conclusion Diet and physical activity intervention was effective in reduce weight gain during pregnancy. Recommendations: Health education about diet and physical activity should be stressed at the maternal and child care center. Increase awareness of the pregnant women about the importance of health diet and physical activity for the mother and the baby through mass media. Distribute simple picture including type of healthy food and physical activity for the pregnant women at Maternity and Child Care Center.