الفهرس 
AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pediatric regional anesthesia (PRA) has today reached
widespread use and become more popular, supported by
reassuring data from the international literature showing the
safety and efficacy of this technique. The benefits of regional
techniques include avoidance of perioperative opioids and
their associated side effects, early ambulation, and excellent
pain control, with the absence of adverse side effects
including postoperative nausea and vomiting, have increased
their use in this age group.
Combined regional and general anesthesia may
actually improve outcome and thereby decrease hospital stay.
Though 89% of the blocks were performed under
sedation/anesthesia, only 0.9/1000 complications occurred,
with no deaths and no sequelae, comparing favorably with
similar surveys in adults, showing that PRA is at least as safe
as RA in awake adult patient
In recent years, anatomically based ultrasound is one
of the most exciting advances in technology in relation to
pediatric regional anesthesia. The use of ultrasound in
neuraxial anesthesia in adults is somewhat limited because of
the reduced visibility of the spinal canal resulting from poor ultrasound beam penetration through the ossified bony
vertebral column. In theory, ultrasound could be of much
greater value in the young pediatric population where there is
limited ossification, thus allowing good visual resolution of
the anatomy and block-related equipment or solutions.