الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work had been carried out at the intensive care unit (ICU), of Minia University Hospital, in the period from May 2013 to May 2014. The study included 40 patients admitted to ICU with moderate to severe TBI and fulfills the inclusion criteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of amantadine sulphate infu sion on the outcome after moderate to severe TBI and to investigate the role of S 100 β protein as an early prognostic marker.
Forty TBI patients were divided into two equal groups: Group I received standard therapy for head trauma. Group II received 200mg of amantadine sulphate by intravenous infusion twice daily for seven days plus standard therapy for head trauma.
Both groups were subject to hemodynamic variables and oxygen saturation, ECG, APACHE II, SOFA score, Glasgow Coma Score, serum levels of S100 β and Glasgow Outcome Scale.
More patients achieved an increase in GCS in day 2 till day 7 on ICU admission in group II who received amantadine sulphate 200 mg plus standard therapy for head trauma versus group I who received standard therapy for head trauma only.
Patients received standard therapy for head trauma only had high significant concentration of serum S100 β on day 3 and day 5 versus to patients received amantadine sulphate 200 mg plus twice daily for seven days standard therapy for head trauma.
There were no statistically significant difference as regarding age, sex and ICU stay there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. As regards APACHE II score system and SOFA score there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
As regard the GCS, comparing between two groups there was no significance difference on admission, 30 minutes, 1, 24 and 36 hours with consecutive progressive `improvement in group II starting at 48 hours till the 7th day. Within the group GCS gradually increase and there was a statistically significant difference between admission GCS and the following values starting at 30 minutes till the 60 hours in both groups with progressive improvement in GCS from 60 hours till 7th day in study group as compared with control group.
In group I nine patients (45%) with severe TBI were improved their GCS gradually improved from (4-8) at admission to (9-13) at 7th day.
In group II 16 patients (80%) with severe TBI) were improved their GCS gradually improved from (4-8) at admission to (12-14) at 7th day.