الفهرس 
URETERIC STONESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ureteral calculi are one of the most frequent causes causing obstruction of the urinary tract. The prevalence of urinary tract stone disease is estimated to be 2%-3% and they frequently cause pain and infection as a result of stone impaction and obstruction to the pelvicalyceal system. Spontaneous passage of large and/or impacted ureteral stones occurs less frequently and long observation period is necessary for the unpredictable passage. This may result in partial or even complete renal unit loss if treatment is not promptly provided.
Holmium: YAG laser and pneumatic lithoclast were used through semirigid ureteroscopy to fragment the ureteric stones which then left for spontaneous passage or removed by forceps or Dormia basket.
This study was carried out on 60 patients in Ain Shams University Eldemerdash hospital, Damanhour Medical National Institute, Karmoz and Ibrahim Obeid hospitals from October 2013 to October 2014. These patients had middle and lower ureteric stones and treated by Holmium: YAG laser and pneumatic lithotripsy.
Follow up was done after 3 months by history taking, clinical examination, urine culture and sensitivity and IVU.
At the end of the study we concluded that ureteral stones of any size can be treated safely and effectively by Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy with immediate stone free rates more than pneumatic lithotripsy. Most of the complications are minor and can be treated either conservatively or endourologically without further morbidity or mortality. All primary URS lithotripsy failures can be salvaged by further endourological procedures or ESWL.