الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure:
a. The amount of horizontal gingival tissue retraction caused by different retraction materials in vivo: Expasyl, GingiTrac and retraction cord using 3D technology (Omnicam).
b. The gingival tissue recovery rate after retraction through measuring the level of pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-alpha) in the gingival crevicular fluid before and 2, 7, 14 and 28 days after gingival retraction.
c. To evaluate the Omnicam as a method to measure the amount of tissue retraction directly in vivo.