الفهرس 
Anatomy of the BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Despite of the major advance in technology, mammography remain the primary imaging modility for early detection of breast cancer. Breast ultrasonography is indicated in evaluation of questionable or non specific mammographic findings as well as evaluation of a patient who presented with breast lump to differentiate solid from cystic lesions. US remains the initial imaging modality for evaluation of symptomatic woman who are pregnant and those younger than 35 years.
New imaging modalities have been developed to provide improved detection and management of patients with breast cancer, of these are PET/CT and MRI.
First results using PET/CT imaging in the follow-up of breast cancer patients demonstrate increased specificity compared with FDG PET alone.
PET/CT offers to detect recurrent and metastatic breast cancer disease at early stage and thus continue to demonstrate the efficacy of molecular imaging in patient management.
In primary tumor, FDG PET/CT is of limited use in patients with early-stage disease without nodal or distant metastases, it has poor detection rate for small breast carcinomas.
However, in patients with palpable regional lymphadenopathy, PET/CT scanners have the same sensitivity as(SLN) in detecting occult metastasis and provide accurately aligned anatomical and functional images of a patient, allowing functional abnormalities to be localized and distinguished from normal uptake of the PET tracer, which increase Physician confidence in arriving at a correct diagnosis.
MR imaging of the breast provides a cross sectional imaging modality not limited by overlapping structures or by the density or complexity of fibro glandular pattern.
Contrast enhancing lesions, although associated with malignancy, may commonly be seen in many benign breast lesions.
Some indications for the use of breast MRI include screening program for high-risk woman, pre-operative staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer and in monitoring the response to therapy.
Various studies have demonstrated that although the sensitivity of MRI in detection of breast cancer is high, the specificity of this technique varies. In addition, many studies have demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity when using a combination approach, i.e. using X ray mammography, ultrasound ,and MRI together when evaluating patient , especially for those who are at high risk for breast cancer.
MRI is extremely sensitive in detecting most invasive breast cancers, greater than 90%. However, its sensitivity in detecting DCIS is low approximately 40% in most studies; and its specificity for malignancy is limited.
Several recent studies have shown that in staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer, MRI can detect additional ipsilateral disease in 4-5% of cases. In high risk woman, MRI can detect mammographically occult breast cancer in 2-8%.