الفهرس 
Sugar substitutesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sugar Substitutes is a food additive that duplicates the effect of
sugar in taste, usually with less food energy. Some sugar substitutes
are natural and some are synthetic .Natural sugar substitute as herbs
(stevia), agave nectar, date sugar and fruit juice concentrate .Artificial
sweeteners including aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame potassium and
saccharin. They are used to assist in weight loss, dental care, reactive
hypoglycemia, diabetes mellitus. artificial sweeteners maycause a
variety of health problems, including cancer , hypoglycemia, or
hyperinsulinemia and increased food intake the next time there is a
meal(obsity).Natural sweeteners are generally safe, but they can lead
to health problems such as tooth decay, poor nutrition, weight gain
and increased triglycerides. Honey can contain small amounts of
bacterial spores that can produce botulism toxin. Aspartame is an
artificial, non-saccharide sweetener . Aspartame is also one of the
main sugar substitutes FDA has set its ADI for aspartame at 50 mg/kg.
Residual components of aspartame arePhenylalanine ,aspartate and
methanol Sucralose is an artificial sweetener, manufactured by
introducing chemical modification in the sucrose molecule. ADI for
sucralose for children and adults at 5 mg/kg body weight Stevia is a
natural sugar substitute made from the leaves of the plant species
Stevia rebaudiana. ADI is 4 mg/kg body weight. Then stevioside is
broken down into glucose and steviol This study revealed that
administration of aspartame induced reduction in hemoglobin, RBCs
count and hematocrit in all doses ,significant reduction in WBCs
count, hepatic cellular changes, elevation in blood glucose level , renal
cellular changes, hyalinization in the lumen of some seminiferous
tubules in testis.Sucralose induced induced reduction in hemoglobin,
RBCs count and hematocrit in high dose(5.625 mg/kg with
nonsignificant reduction in WBCs count, Sucralose induced
significant increase in ALT and AST activities and elevation in blood
glucose level only in high dose(5.625 mg/kg) with no hepatic cellular
changes also significant increase in urea and creatinine level only in
high dose(5.625