الفهرس 
ABSTRACT
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Abstract
For low-rise buildings and structures such as liquid storage tanks, abutments, embankments and factories that can tolerate some settlement, stone columns (also known as granular piles or granular columns) provide an economical method of support in compressible fine-grained soils. Stone columns are either constructed as fully penetrated through a clayey soil layer overlying a firm stratum or as floating (I.e. partially penetrating) with their tips embedded within the clayey soil layer.
This research main aim is to establish a numerical model to represent improving soft clay soil reinforced with stone columns. The analysis is carried out using a three dimensional finite difference numerical model FLAC3d to investigate the behavior of a footing on group of stone columns in soft clay soil.
The objectives of the research are to develop a numerical model to simulate the group of stone columns below a foundation. The model is capable to predict the bearing capacity and settlement of these columns under given soil, load and geometry conditions of a group. Also, to perform a parametric analysis to study the effect of the governing parameters believed to affect the performance of a group of stone columns. Also, to study the effect of adding a stone cushion between the footing and stone columns.