الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: This is a comparative study that aims to show the effect of low level laser and cavitation ultrasound on adipose tissue thickness, serum leptin, estrogen levels and lipid profile in overweight and obese females.Method: Ninety healthy overweight and obese participant females (30-50 years old) were classified into 3 groups. As for: Group 1 (Cavitation group): thirty healthy females with buttock obesity, have undergone a balanced healthy diet within a weight maintenance program. They were treated locally by low frequency cavitation ultrasound (40kz, 2.5watt/cm2) for 12 sessions (2 per week), 15 minute for each session. Group 2 (Laser group): thirty healthy females with buttock obesity, had gone through a balanced healthy diet within a weight maintenance program as well, They were treated locally by low level laser 650 nm 40 mw in 12 sessions (2 per week), 15 minute for each session. Group 3 (Control group): thirty healthy females with buttock obesity have undergone only a balanced healthy diet within weight maintenance program, too. Fat thickness, waist hip ratio (WHR), serum levels of leptin, estrogen and lipid profile were measured before and after treatment in all participants. Results: ln Laser group the fat thickness reduced. (from 28.06 ± 0.97 to 19.24±0.87 mm) with P-value (<0.001). In Cavitation group the fat thickness reduced (from 28.65±0.98 to 13.76±0.63 mm) with P-value (<0.001). The WHR increased in both groups, Laser group (from 0.73 ± 0.0064 to 0.76±0.0064) with P-value (<0.01), Cavitation group (from 0.733±0.005 to 0.765±0.006) with P-value (<0.001). The leptin and estrogen levels reduced in both groups (laser, Cavitation) [38.04±1.22 -29.20±1.02 ng/ml, 5.38±0.21-4.02±0.13 pmol/L]- [42.64±1.32-30.65±1.23ng/ml,5.59±0.23-4.55±0.18pmol/L] respectively. In Control group there were no significant differences regarding fat thickness, serum (leptin and estrogen levels), and WHR before and after the diet maintenance programe.Conclusion: Either cavitation ultrasound or low level laser treatment combined with a healthy balanced diet program is highly effective in both reducing fat thickness, serum levels of leptin and estrogen and increasing WHR without causing any significant changes in the lipid profile of obese and overweight women compared to a healthy diet program alone. The reducing effect of fat thickness and serum leptin was more significant in ultrasound cavitation compared to low level laser treatment.