الفهرس 
Cover Page Title in EnglishOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Yeasts are significant part of the normal flora of human, animal and their environment. They are usually opportunistic organisms causing disease when the host conditions are favorable. This study was aimed to isolate and identify Candida albicans from different sources. Therefore, a total 140 samples (60 samples were collected from patients and healthy individual of different ages and sex including vaginal swabs, oral swabs, skin scrapings and nail scrapings) and (80 samples were collected from different kinds of diseased and apparently healthy chicks including crop swab and respiratory system swab). All samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol for the presence of yeast which revealed isolation of 140 isolates (50 yeast species). The isolates were identified into genera and species by using conventional method which study morphological and physiological properties of the isolated yeast (gross appearance of the colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, microscopy on rice agar, sugar fermentation, sugar assimilation, tween assimilation test, tryptophan utilization test and catalase test. from 140 samples collected from animal and human, 50 yeast species isolated at percent 35.7% (15 from human at percent 25 % and 35 from chicks at percent 43.7 %), respectively. In this study we use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a confirmatory step to identify Candida albicans by using of specific primer CA3 and CA4 which multiply the piece of ITS which produce amplicon with size 109 bp. the use of (polymerase chain reaction) PCR in the classification of Candida albicans into two subtypes B and C depending on the size of the amplicon through the use of CA-INT-L, CA-INT-R running on doubled 25SrDNA part produce amplicon with different sizes. According to the size of the amplicon we can classify the Candida albicans into two serotypes; Serotype B, (840bp) and Serotype C (450 bp). This study; summarized the importance of using polymerase chain reaction in the classification and confirmation of Candida albicans virulence factors from both humans and animals.