الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of the modified bone anchored keles appliance in distalization of maxillary first Permanent molars. The sample was consisted of 13 patients. However, three of them discontinued the treatment due to different causes. As a result of this, the study was performed on 10 patients with an average age of 12 years and 2 months. The Patients were selected according to the following criteria: - Age ranged from 11-15 years. - Skeletal Class I. - Space deficiency in the upper arch less than 8 mm. - Non-extraction lower arch. - No previous orthodontic treatment. - Good oral hygiene. - No oral habit. Distalization was continued until an overcorrection Class I molar relation was achieved. For all patients, extraoral and intraoral photographs, study casts, and Cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after distalization. Consequently, the cast and Cephalometric radiographs were Results of the study declared that the skeletal changes in the sagittal and vertical directions were insignificant. The maxillary first molars were distalized significantly according to cephalometric measurements by (4.60 ± 1.85) (p< .05). Distalization was accompanied with insignificant distal tipping and also the vertical positions of the upper first molars were insignificantly changed (p>.05). Regarding to the 3D cast analysis thew inter molar widths was significantly changed (2.76 ± 1.39). However, the rotation of the upper first molars were insignificantly (p>.05). According to Cephalometric measurements the upper first premolars were significant moved distally about (3.32 ± 1.17mm) In addition, the result declared the upper premolars were insignificantly extruded, and tipped distally (p>.05). The maxillary incisors were significantly tipped palatally (1.40 ± 1.35) (p< .05). The results declared that the upper incisors were insignificantly extruded and moved palataly (p>.05). The overjet was insignificantly decreased according to Cephalometric Measurements (p>.05). Regarding the overbite, it was insignificantly decreased according to Cephalometric (p>.05).