الفهرس 
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Abstract
Most of critically ill patients are mechanically ventilated, attached to multiple invasive devices, suffering pain, fear, anxiety, sensory overload and sleep disturbance. These can result in agitation which may result in interference with life support machines and other devices used to assist diagnosis and treatment. It can also lead to increased oxygen consumption, delays weaning from mechanical ventilation and lengthen ICU stay. The use of physical restraint became common in acute care settings. It is major area of concern for health care professionals, patients, and families. Up to researcher readings, there is no an available guideline or legal regulations concerning physical restraints use in Egypt.
This study was conducted to monitor the relationship between nursing practices in the use of physical restraints and critically ill patients’ physiological parameters.
This study was conducted in the critical care units of Alexandria Main University Hospital namely; the Casualty Intensive Care Unit (Unit I), the General Intensive Care Unit (Unit III), neurological ICU and Triage ICU. The study sample was fifty critical care nurses working in the previously mentioned settings and fifty patients who were restrained for more than 24 hours and were assigned to be cared for by the included nurses were also included in this study.
Two tools were used to collect data of this study. Tool one “Patient restraint assessment tool”. This tool was developed by the researcher and was used to assess the patients’ physiological status before, during and after restraint application. Tool two “Nurses’ performance of patient physical restraint observational checklist” this tool was adopted from Lynn (2011)(73) and was modified and used by the researcher to assess nurses’ practice of the physical restraint.