الفهرس 
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Abstract
The environmental stress present an increasing threat to plant agriculture. Salinity causes imbalance of the cellular ions, resulting in ion toxicity which leads to dehydration and osmotic stress, resulting in stomatal closure, reduced supply of carbon dioxide and a high production of reactive oxygen species, causing irreversible cellular damage and photo inhibition. Photo inhibition coupled with salinity stress causes serious damage to many cellular and physiological processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water absorption, root growth and cellular metabolism, which all obviously lead to yield reduction.
The wheat plant response to salinity consists of numerous processes that must function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyperosmolarity and ion disequilibrium. In addition, crop plants must be capable of satisfactory biomass production in a saline environment (yield stability). Cell biology and molecular genetics research is providing new insight into the plant response to salinity and is identifying genetic determinants that effect salt tolerance
The twelve genotypes were grown at salt affected and adequate environments. In order to identify the best tolerant wheat genotypes (bread or durum) an experiment was conducted for Yield Parameters (number of tillers per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index) under both habitat conditions.Pigments content, total carbohydrates, protein and proline were varied in different genotypes between the two habitats.Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat technique were detected and their results concluded a prominent role, either directly or indirectly in stress responses.