الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Costs management is one of the most important elements of competition in the modern environment, and this is through the ability to produce in a lowest cost, highest quality and competitive prices to satisfy customers and to support the competition strategy. This matter shows the increasing interest to adopt modern systems of cost accounting, which cope up with the latest objects in the modern work environment. The earlier effects and factors showed the need for a new system of cost which offers a suitable way to measure the costs of products and services in a way that gives an accurate report to the outcomes cost and the size of materials used in its production, with the possibility of getting the information related to costs to meet the management needs to make different decision especially pricing decision. The earlier aspects are the first to appear in modern systems of cost accounting which enable the management to improve decision-making and planning in addition to minimizing costs such as the activity based cost system (ABC) , Time Driven Activity Based Costing TDABC and target cost T.C(Guzman,2014).
In contemporary high global competitive environment, the knowledge of company’s costs is a major drive to competitive advantage. Emphasis is put to company’s financial performance, quality of process ordering and innovation a great potentiality. Without understanding the details of true costs for services, manufacturing, delivery of products, the organizations will hardly survive in this competitive environment. Dejnega (2011) , argued that it is necessary to use proper cost system by using effective cost techniques when one wants to receive accurate information about its customers and activities. However, the cost system used in many organizations is not assigned to activities. Contemporary calculation methods and formulas lack the ability to determine, how the processes, products and customers segments consume the sources and generating the revenues. the problems with traditional costs techniques in connection with a lack of understanding of types of customers, in the field of market segment; the costs are recorded in the high level of accumulation, the traditional system is functional in its orientation, but not in the output.
This in turn these traditional techniques can lead to a poor decision-making management and a misleading information. This weak point could be solved in the form of cost methods Activity Based Costing and it’s new version is called Time Driven Activity Based Costing. While Activity Based Costing found an application in practice itself, Time Driven Activity Based Costing has to seek the way to be used as a common method in the business practice.
Statement of the Problem
There is a strong relationship between cost and competitive advantage. Hotels management work in the light of intellectual and behavioral prospective with the intention of presenting product with characteristics and high quality that satisfy their guests needs’ continuously with low costs and actual prices. Since there are hotels control over the costs and saving quality , there will be a capability of achieving a competitive advantage. In the current years, hotels are not able to achieve a competitive advantage under the strong competition and incapacity of the controlling costs, especially external environment hotels which suffer from increasing costs such as increasing raw materials, essential goods, and the augmenting of the operational costs (the prices rise is burning, food material and electric current is turning off) that are the causes of the governmental sector polices. Nowadays, hotels are not able to achieve a competitive advantage under the current conditions, particularly in the products and the services for food and the beverage departments.
Hence, hotel establishments’ should do not remain stable and helpless in front of the current and global challenges that occur nowadays. Thus, they have to implement the up-to-date strategies and the modern system of the administrative accounting that are based on cost, which aim at the first stage to minimize and to control the over-burden costs . Besides, searching for other resources to achieve a competitive advantage for its intentionally raising competitive ability either in the internal or the external markets through modern systems of cost management such as Activity Based costing(ABC), Time driven Activity Based Costing(TDABC) and Target Cost(TC) have been shown to be more effective and accurate than the traditional methods in both manufacturing and service organizations by (Kaplan and Anderson ,2007 and Baski , 2014).
It was generated from the study a set of questions which are as follow:
How can the use of (TDABC) help in decreasing costs of food and beverage services?
Is there a difference in results came down from the use of (ABC) and (TDABC) systems at the level of net profit ?
Do the use of (TDABC) and (TC) in decreasing costs of services increase revenue and achieve a competitive advantage?
1.4. The Goals of Study
Shedding light on the latest systems of cost accounting systems and seeing the effectiveness of cost accounting systems in minimizing cost.
Recognizing at the intellectual frame of TDABC system.
Standing on the major merits of TDABC and Target cost (T.C) implementation in hotels.
1.5. The Hypothesis of Study
There is a significant relationship between implementation of TDABC and the deceasing of service costs of food and beverage .
There is a significant relationship between the implementing of TDABC and the decreasing of time consumed in doing services.
There is a significant relationship between the implementation of TDABC and T.C in the increasing profitability.
. The Sample of the Study
The sample of the study included all hotels tourists in Luxor except two and three star hotels.
Results
The hotels of this study sample use the traditional administrative accounting methods. Although hotels use electronic accounting programs, they prefer monthly and annual financial reports over the using of modern administrative accounting methods as a way to measure the financial performance of the hotel. The budgets at the hotels of this study use a specific sample for cost management purposes , measurement performance but not for the purposes of maximizing the profits or for the coordination among the operating requirements. The hotels make a comparison that includes revenues and operating costs at the end of each accounting period that includes room sales rates and an occupancy of a percentage, that both of them are negative and positive variables of cost analysis in order to correct the errors . The event point of the analysis that represented for the financial and the administrative managers is an important accounting tool in making decision process which helps them in the pricing process and the contribution to modifying the operational costs data to achieve the desired administrative purposes.
Luxor hotels do not apply to any modern strategic administrative accounting methods based on cost such as ABC, TDABC and T.C . This is a lack and a shortage in luxor hotels .
Recommendations
The necessity of implementing the modern cost accounting systems such as The Time Driven Activity Based Costing by hotels is to offer the necessary data to analyze the customers profitability and to make benefit from that is in an increasing profit, customers fame and improving customers service which fulfills profitability and the strategic position for a long term.
The necessity of implementing food and beverage cost allocation module by Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) system and Target Cost( T.C).