الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental extractions are a very common procedure. As common as they are, they are not a simple undertaking and should be approached with the same depth of preparation as any other surgical procedure. Extractions are generally performed to rid the body of an infected and/or painful tooth. In almost all cases, complete removal of the offending tooth resolves the existing pathology.
Atraumatic extraction is essential to preserve the bone and to leave the residual socket contracted which sequentially preserves the remaining supporting alveolar bone, sub-apical bone and crestal bone, which is required for immediate placement of implant.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically the use of physics forceps in preservation of alveolar bone during extraction of hopless teeth as a tool toward achieving better outcome in patient care, and more convenience during immediate implant placement.
This study was conducted on 150 hopless teeth indicated for extraction. They were selected from the Outpatient Clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.
Patients, who participated in this study, were free from any systemic conditions that can compromise extraction. They were of both sexes and their ages ranged between 15-50 years.
The extracted teeth were divided into 6 equal groups, group A, upper anterior teeth; group B, lower anterior teeth; group C, maxillary premolar teeth; group D, mandibular premolar teeth; group E, maxillary molar teeth; group F, mandibular molar teeth. The extraction applied in the study were performed under local anesthesia, followed by physics forceps extraction.
The physics forceps extraction technique was evaluated clinically immediately postoperative, one week and one month postoperatively for:
pain, socket width, bone height from the depth of sulcus to free gingiva, alveolar bone destruction, bleeding and operative time estimated.
In group A, D and E there was a statistically significant increase in bone width after tooth extraction in comparison with the width of bone before extraction
In group B, C and F there was a statistically significant decrease in bone width after tooth extraction in comparison with the width of bone before extraction
Some cases showed fenestration in bone especially in thin buccal cortical bone teeth. This widening of the bone is shown in thin buccal bone areas, in group A (upper anterior region), in group C (upper premolar region), in group E (upper molar area).And in some cases the widening of bone is extensive that lead to some fenestration of bone and laceration of gingiva.
In all groups there was mild pain after extraction. In most patients there was mild bleeding after extraction due to mild expansion of the socket buccolingually.
Most of the cases didn’t show fracture of teeth during extraction.
It can be conclouded that physics forceps is safe ,efficient and preserves the socket integrity which is ideal for immediate implant placement after extraction.
The physics forceps also affects patient’s fair and stress cause it reduces the extraction time and reduces the percentage of teeth extraction.