الفهرس 
MATERIALS AND METHODSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study investigated the role of manufacturer brand on stability of active ingredients, impurities contents, main physical properties and the fingerprint of dimethoate and oxamyl commercial formulations during storage under different degrees of temperature. The effect of formulations type (SC and WDG) on stability of imidacloprid was evaluated under different degrees of temperature on storage. The study involved the effect of storage conditions on the degradation of penoxsulam and spinotoram. The effect of interaction between package types and store conditions on the degradation of dimethoate – oxamyl – imidaclopride – penoxsulam – spinotoram was also involved. The effect of water types on degradation of investigated pesticides preparation within 6 hours of tank-mix was studied. The effect of room (25°C) and freezer (-20°C) temperature on stability of active ingredient of technical materials and capsules of Cotton Leaf Worm pheromone and Pink Bollworm pheromone were determined. The effect of environmental factors on the rate of release pheromones on its capsules under simulated field conditions were evaluated in this study.
Oxamyl was more stability than dimethoate formulation. The rate of dimethoate degradation was very rapid when exposed to high degree of temperature i.e 45 and 54°C. There was slight difference in the rate of chemical degradation of active ingredient contents in the tested formulation of dimethoate at all the tested degree of temperature. There were big differences between the three formulations in physical properties and amount of impurities. Oxamyl formulations have slight differences in active ingredient and in physical properties and impurities. Thus it could be said that the producing formulation manufacture may have a role on the chemical persistence, physical properties and impurities content. Through storage and this role differed from one company to another as show in investigated formulation of dimethoate and oxamyl.
Formulation types of imidacloprid WDG was slightly more stable than SC Chinook formulation and no differences between the two types formulation in rate of active ingredient were degradation and physical properties during storage at set of temperature up to 54°C. Thus it could be said that type of formulation didn’t have a great role in degradation of pesticides during storage.
Radient 12%SC was highly persistence than Rinbow 2.5%OD up to 180 days during storage at all the tested degree of temperature (25- 54°C). This finding was more evident at high tested degree of storage (54°C) and in long storage period (180 days).
Data showed that dark place at lab better than open store at shadow place for all preserve pesticide formulations. Thus less rate of degradation of the active ingredient contents occurred at all tested pesticides. Also statistical analysis showed that there are an significant differences between the package types on degradation of pesticide under storage. It was observed that plastic bottle (multi-layer (Co-ex) PE-PA) was more efficient than dark glass bottle in storage of pesticides formulations with a smaller amount of degradation for all the tested pesticides under the types of store condition.
Results indicated also that the investigated pesticides were degraded rapidly in hard water (well water) than in Nile water. Furthermore, dimethoate showed the highest rate of degradation among all other tested pesticides within the 6 hours of tank-mix preparation. The rate of decomposition was increased by the time of preparation.
The rate of degradation of PBW technical and capsules pheromones was faster than CLW technical material at room and freezer temperature especially after 14 and 30 days of storage, and freezer temperature was less effective than room temperature on degradation of these investigated pheromones.
The rate of release of PBW capsules was faster than CLW capsules in field conditions.
Key words: Pesticide formulations, Stability, Active Ingredients, Physical properties, package types, pheromones.