الفهرس 
Micro- components in berries partsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
White and black mulberry was grown widely in Egypt. These study include different parts of white and black mulberry (leaves, fruits and branches bark).
Ethanol extracts (70%) as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic agent.
For these reasons this investigation was directed to the following point:
Part (I): Chemical composition
(1) The chemical composition of mulberry such as: white mulberry and black mulberry were determined on dry matter. The protein was high in sample of white mulberry leaves from the other samples of mulberry parts where amounted to 16.95 in white berry leaves , 14.25 in black berry leaves, 11.90 in white mulberry fruits, 9.01 in black mulberry fruits , 7.92 in white branches bark and 8.03 in black branches bark ,respectively. While , total ash contents were 8.42,7.34,5.60,3.34,11.21,9.54 in white and black mulberry leaves ,fruits , branches bark , respectively where was high in white branches bark sample from the other samples of mulberry parts.
(2) The moisture was 5.44,6.02,4.00,5.62,2.78 and1.11 in white and black mulberry leaves ,fruits and branches bark , respectively .where was high in black mulberry leaves followed by black mulberry fruits, white mulberry leaves, white mulberry fruits, white mulberry branches bark and black mulberry branches bark.
(3) White and black branches bark contained higher content in crude oil (4.55 and 4.92%, respectively) than other leaves and fruits samples. (4) The values of total dietary fiber were 18.20, 22.26 , 13.80, 26.90, 43.25 and 44.00 in white and black mulberry leaves, fruits and branches bark, respectively. They were high in black branches bark sample from the other samples of mulberry parts.
(5) The total hydrolyzable carbohydrate were 62.25, 69.00, 79.55, 88.86, 73.54 and 76.40 in white and black mulberry leaves, fruits and branches bark, respectively. They were high in black berry fruits sample from the other samples of mulberry parts. While total sugar were 7.55 and 6.64, reducing sugar were 5.90 and 4.94 and non-reducing sugar were 1.65 and 1.70 in white and black mulberries fruits.
(6) The total phenols were 65.2, 71.3, 181, 1422,116.5 and 122.94(mg/100g) in White and black mulberry leaves, fruits and branches bark, respectively. They were high in black mulberry fruits sample from the other samples of mulberry parts. While, the total flavonoids contents were 22.5, 24.2, 29,276,254.3 and 233.00 (mg/100g) in white and black mulberry leaves, fruits and branches bark, respectively. They were high in black berry fruits sample from the other samples of mulberry parts.
(7) from HPLC-MS analysis found both of total flavonoids and total polyphenols contents contained qualitatively of namely, kuwanon (A-Z),moracin (C- R), albanin(A-H) ,albanol A&B, mulberrofuran (C-Y) , albafuran A&C,(2-aryl -benzofuran), morusin, cyclomorusin , chalcomoracin,mulberroside A &B, ,moranoline(DNJ),chalcone,uvaol, sanggenons, sanggenols, choline, morin guangsangons, quercitrin, myricetin, myricitrin, vanillin, naringenin, iupeol, naringin , rutin, coumarins , kaempferol, apigenin,cerylalcohol, luteolin,hiperoside, quercetin, umbelliferone,moracetin,citrulline,α& β-amyrin,
β-sitosterol,catechin, oxyresvesveratrol,some of phenolic acid such as : trolox, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid ,sinapinic acid, galic acid, vanillic acid, folinic acid, caffeic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid,p-coumaric acid ,m-coumaric acid,syringic acid,hydroxyl cinnamic acid,betunilic acid,neochlorogenic acid, ursolic acid, malic acid ,gentisic acid and protocatechuic acid , with some anthocyanins namely, cyanidin-3-glucoside,cyanidin-3-xyloside,cyanidin-3-(6”-malonyl)glucoside, cyanidin-3-dioxalylglucoside , cyanidin-3-rutinoside and malvidin-3-glucoside and alkaloids such as :calystegines were identified and qualified .
(8) The chemical composition indicated that the antioxidants content in different white and black mulberries parts. Chlorophyll was presence totally in mulberries leaves only (5951.636 and 9235.52 mg/100g, in white and black mulberry, respectively), while chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B amounted to 2739.04, 2274.82 and 5951.63, 9235.52 mg/100g, in white and black mulberry, respectively. So, chlorophyll was high in black mulberry leaves than white mulberry leaves.
(9) Β-carotene was presence in different white and black berries parts. It determined162.36, 26.91, 18.14, 19.02, 52.27and9.35 in white and black leaves, fruits and branches bark and branches bark, respectively. So that, Β-carotene was high in mulberries leaves followed by mulberries branches bark and mulberries fruits. Furthermore, carotenoids was presence totally in mulberries leaves and fruits only, where amounted to 279.82, 494.75 in white and black mulberry leaves, respectively. But amounted to 137.87, 206.79 in white and black mulberry fruits, respectively.so that, carotenoids were high in mulberries leaves than mulberries fruits.
(10) The highest content of vitamin C was in white berry fruits followed by black mulberry fruits, white mulberry leaves, black mulberry leaves, black mulberry branches bark and white mulberry branches bark. Also, the highest content of vitamin E was in black mulberry fruits followed by black mulberry branches bark, white mulberry fruits, white mulberry branches bark, black mulberry leaves and white mulberry leaves. Also, anthocyanins found only in black mulberry fruits were 17.1(mg/g).
(11) The tannins contents were higher in black mulberry branches bark followed by white mulberry branches bark, black mulberry leaves, white mulberry leaves, black mulberry fruits and white mulberry fruits.
(12) Both of total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents were relatively the highest amount in ethanolic extract of black mulberry fruits followed by white mulberry branches bark and black mulberry branches bark. While, both of total hydrolysable carbohydrate and total phenols content were relatively the highest amount in ethanolic extract of white mulberry fruits followed by black mulberry leaves and white mulberry leaves.
(13) Copper content in black mulberry fruits and branches bark was the same content (0.52 mg/100g). While, magnesium content was higher in white and black mulberry leaves (38.0 and 41.0mg/100g, respectively) than white and black branches bark (33.14 and 35.23 mg/100g, respectively). Also, manganese content ranged from 3.61 to 5.92 mg/100 in all mulberries parts. On the other view zinc content in black leaves, fruits and bark was the highest (3.10, 3.25 and 3.6 mg/100g, respectively) than in white mulberries pats. While, the content of selenium in all parts of white and black mulberry ranged from 0.51 to 0.82 μg/g.
Part (II): Biological investigation:-
(14) Male albino rats sprague dawley strain (48 animals) weighing 150-160g were housed in individual cages with screen bottoms and fed on basal diet for one week. Basel diet consisted of casein 10%, corn oil 10%, cellulose 5%, salt mixture 4%, vitamin mixture 1% and corn starch 70%.
(15) After fed rats on basal diet for two weeks, 42 rats were injected by alloxan solution (150 mg/Kg body weight) of recrystallized alloxan to induce hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia then the whole group was fed on basal diet for 72 hour. To ensure occurrence of diabetes in rats, blood sample was withdrawn after 72 h of alloxan injection. The diabetic group was divided into seven sub-groups (5rats for each group). All sub-groups were continued to be fed on basal diet. Six sub-groups were fed on different ethanol extracts (80%) from white and black leaves, fruits and branches bark orally (1ml extract/day) to all rats in each sub-group.
(16) Rats were kept separately in well air cages; diet and water were supplied ad-libitum. Each rat was weighed every two days and food intake was also daily recorded. At the end of experiment, after an overnight fast, and the blood of each rat collected in tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min to obtain the serum which was kept in the deep-freezer for determination of serum glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides. (17) Serum glucose was determined when rats fed on extracts of white and black mulberry parts. Rats fed on white and black branches bark were significantly decrease in serum glucose (38.78 and 44.73%, respectively) followed by white and black leaves (33.19 and 37.19%, respectively) then white and black fruits (25.91 and 30.15%, respectively).
(18) Total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and liver were determined, were significant decrease in all groups fed on mulberry parts extracts orally which ranged from 26.00 to 30.07%. The highest significant decrease of total cholesterol was observed in rats fed on white and black fruits extracts orally (48.59 and 51.96%, respectively), followed by white and black leaves extracts orally (48.43 and 48.43%, respectively), then white and black branches bark extracts orally (40.60 and 46.24%, respectively). While, the lowest serum in rats fed on white and black extracts orally (46.34 and 48.27%, respectively). Furthermore, the decrement of serum LDL was ranged from 29.41 to 30.45% in all groups. Also, the highest decrement of HDL content was noticed when rats fed on black mulberry fruits extracts (50.83%), then rats fed on black mulberry branches bark extract orally.
Part (II): Measurement of potential cytotoxicity by SRB assay:-
(19) HEPG2 means liver carcinoma human cell line and 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 means the number of mulberries samples extracted by dried ethanol : white leaves, black leaves, black branches bark ,white branches bark ,black fruits and white fruits ,respectively . Means of HEPG2(1, 2,3,4,5 and 6) were found 0.4104, 0.4592, 0.5182, 0.4804, 0.8954 and
0.9074 .So that , white leaves, black leaves, black branches bark ,white branches bark samples were positive drug cytotoxicity and made rising curve on the sheet by surviving fraction, because they made IC50 amounted to 46,42,59 and 39 .So,IC50 was high in black branches bark followed by white leaves, black leaves and white branches bark, but mulberries fruits did not made any IC50 .So that, mulberries fruits were negative drug cytotoxicity and made descending curve on the sheet by surviving fraction.