الفهرس 
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Abstract
Crude oil and other petroleum products are crucial to the global
economy today due to increasing energy demand approximately (~1.5%)
per year and significant oil remaining after primary and secondary oil
recovery (~45-55% of original oil in place, OOIP), which accelerates the
development of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies to maximize
the recovered oil amount by non-conventional methods. Polymer flooding
through hydrophobically associated polyacrylamides (HAPAM) is a
widely implemented EOR-technique to maximize recovered oil amount, so they attracted much attention on both academic and industrial laboratories for polymer flooding in enhanced oil recovery applications. These polymers class synthesized by grafting or incorporating hydrophobic chain cross-linking segments onto their hydrophilic main chain.
In this study, the authors reported about synthesis of polymeric surfmer
(surface-active monomers) which have amphiphilic structure with polymerizable
vinyl double bonds in the molecular structure resulting in novel properties
distinct from conventional surfactants. Hydrophobically associating
polyacrylamide (HAPAM) prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization of
acrylamide (AM) monomer, divinyl sulfone as hydrophobic crosslinked moiety
and surfmers, to chemically anchor a surfmer and hydrophobic crosslinker
moiety onto the back bone of acrylamide chain. After that, polymeric
nanocomposite was prepared through copolymerization of prepared HAPAM
with different molar ratios of silica nanoparticles through one shot synthesis.
The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, silica
concentration, cross linker concentration, surfmers concentration and reaction
temperature on apparent viscosity of the product were determined using single-
factor and orthogonal experiments.