الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Hearing is the essential link in the chain of communication. Hence any thing that impedes the abilities to transmit information to other person or receive information from them will interfere with communication. a disruption in the hearing mechanism may interfere with communication and consequently may result in communicative disorder.
The hearing impairment refers to deviation from hearing levels that interfere with aural /oral communication. In addition hearing impairment refers to a condition in which the child is unable to detect or distinguish the range of sounds normally available to the human ear. Assessment of hearing impairment involves preliminary diagnostic measures, clinical diagnostic aids and additional instrumental measures.
The hearing loss affects the language parameters e.g. receptive and expressive language development whish includes difficulties in semantics, syntax, pragmatics and phonology. The delay may have deterioration impact on the child’s cognitive development, academic achievement, self concept and social as well as emotional will being.
Hearing impairment affects speech on both a suprasegmental level (pitch, rate, rhythm and time) and a segmental level (consonant production, vowel production, resonance problems and speech intelligibility).
In addition hearing impairment affects the voice of children as deaf children frequently exhibit difficulty in controlling the laryngeal function for speech resulting in abnormal voice quality.
The hearing impairment has a wide effect on the development of healthy, social and emotionally balanced individuals who are able to integrate fully into the society and
Summary
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lead a productive life. Achieving this goal often depends on the extent to which those children can from meaningful and sensitive relationships that enhances their sense of identity and the way they interact with the world that is surrounding them.
hearing loss in babies is a neurological emergency. The brain of a baby requires abundant meaningful sound experiences to consolidate the neural wiring and build more connections, therefore early detection and intervention of hearing loss is mandatory.
The children with hearing impairment require intervention in the form of:
Assessment of hearing impairment through three levels of medical examination:
a) Elementary diagnostic procedure.
b) Clinical diagnostic aids.
c) Additional diagnostic aids.
Audiological intervention either by conventional hearing aids or by cochlear implantation.
Communicational intervention Many methods have been developed for training the HI children. These methods classified in to the following:
I-The auditory training method.
II-The manual method.
III-The total communication method.
The auditory training has an important role in improving the child’s communicative language, speech, emotion and sociability. Due to the importance of auditory training many authors have designed programs for habitation of hearing impaired children, examples of such programs include:
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Auditory rehabilitation for children with cochlear implant.
Communication training program in children and teenagers.
Auditory-verbal therapy.