الفهرس 
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Abstract
During the past two decades, the cholelithiasis in pediatric patients had been recognized in increasing numbers. (101) The etiology might be unknown or might be related to risk factors including hemolytic anemia. chronic hemolytic anemia represented a major health problem specially thalassemia, In Egypt over 1000 of the annual 1.5 million babies born are expected to be affected with this disorder. (102) In chronic hemolytic anemia, excessive production of bilirubin from chronic hemolysis is a prerequisite for formation of pigment stones. (1) Gall-bladder dysmotility could also be a predisposing factor for formation of pigment stones or sludge in chronic hemolytic anemia patients.
This study was conducted up on 40 patients of different types of chronic hemolytic anemia and ten controls. The mostly countered hemolytic anemia was thalassemia which represented 80% of hemolytic anemia. The laboratory data of the patients and controls showed a statistical significant difference in hemoglobin level, serum ferritin and direct bilirubin level. Gall-bladder pathology was encountered in 22.5% of patients; 12.5 % (5/40) had gallstones, five % (2/40) had sludge, five % (2/40) had chronic acalcular cholecystitis and five% (2/40) with surgical history of cholecystectomy. The gall bladder function parameters of patients and controls showed increase in fasting and residual volumes in patients compared to controls and decrease in the mean contractility index in patients than controls.
On a comparison between patients with and without gall bladder pathology, the following data were encountered, The laboratory data of patients with and without gall bladder pathology showed that the mean hemoglobin level in patients with gall bladder pathology was 9.1 g/dl versus 7.5 g/dl in whom without gall bladder pathology that showed statistical significant difference between the two groups. The transfusion parameters showed significant statistical differences between patients with and without gall bladder pathology in the number of blood transfusion per year (16 times yearly of those with gall bladder pathology and 10 times yearly of patients without gall bladder pathology).