الفهرس 
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Abstract
There has been an ongoing search for an endodontic material that meets the ideal physicochemical properties of sealing, radiopacity, setting time, and flow as well as biological properties such as biocompatibility, and stimulation of tissue regeneration.
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has a variety of potential use, including pulp capping, root canal filling, perforation repair, apexification, apical barriers etc.
Studies have demonstrated the encouraging regeneration of periradicular tissues, such as periodontal ligament, bone and cementum when MTA was used in endodontic procedures. There were also several reports of its superior biocompatibility with periodontal tissues, excellent sealing ability in the presence of moisture and appropriate mechanical properties when used as an apical sealing material.
Recently, a great interest has been focused on the possibility of using Portland cement (PC) as an alternative to MTA and several studies have compared both materials.
However, it might be a logical step to try to introduce some changes in the chemical constituents of Portland cement in order to evaluate the effect of these changes on the biological properties of the material. Before studying the biological properties of the newly formed material, the physical properties should be studied to reach