الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Currently, high density polyethlene (HHDPE) is one the world’s loading plastics with global consumption of milion tons per annum. HDPE has been used extensively due to it being relatively versatile and is expected to make considerable contribution in reducing the weight of structure members as an alternative to metals. It has been applied to transport the water , gas , and corrisive liquid because of its low price, easily intalled, durable and good corrosive resistance.
Welding is thte main technology to join plastics and direcltly affects its safety application because the welded joints can act a failure initiation point.
The conventional hot plate welding process (HPW) widely used in joining plastic, has not pace with technonlogy advancements.