الفهرس 
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome is a condition caused by the persistent application of pressure to a nerve, Peripheral nerves may be entrapped in an anatomical tunnel (carpal tunnel, ulnar tunnel) or compressed either by external pressure or by abnormal anatomical structures.
The symptoms and signs encountered depend upon which nerve is affected, and where along its length it is affected. Sensory disturbance is usually the first symptom noticed, particularly tingling or numbness, followed or accompanied by reduced sensation. Muscle weakness is usually noticed later, and is associated with muscle atrophy. Sympathetic loss is also present (loss of sweating for instance) but this is rarely noticed by the patient.
An entrapment neuropathy can usually be diagnosed confidently on the basis of symptoms and signs alone. Reproducing symptoms via provocative manoeuvres or diagnosis deficits in power or sensibility can be accomplished in the clinic or with the aid of hand therapists. Electrodiagnostic studies (such as electromyography or nerve conduction studies) are useful adjunct to history and examination for diagnosing the presence and level of nerve compression. However, these studies are highly operator dependent, and results do not always correlate with severity of symptoms or clinical outcome. Nerve conduction studies are particularly useful for confirming diagnosis in equivocal cases, quantifying severity of compression and ruling out involvement of other nerves (suggesting a mononeuritis multiplex or polyneuropathy).
The most common entrapment neuropathies of upper limb are carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome.
The treatment of entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity with surgical decompression has generally provided good results. Recurrence of symptoms, however, is not uncommon and its management is both challenging and difficult. In recent years, the autogenous vein graft has earned an ample popularity between the peripheral nerve surgeons.
The ideal wrapping material would be able to protect the nerve from compression by surrounding scarring, inhibit the formation of adherent scar to surrounding tissue, improve or protect the gliding function of a nerve during extremity motion. It should also resist degradation, minimize any inflammatory and immunologic reactions, and not be responsible for long-term compression of the nerve.