الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Columns can be divided into short and slender columns. Short columns, when subjected to axial loads, do not buckle and therefore additional moments due to lateral deformation can be ignored. On the other hand, slender columns, when subjected to axial loads, buckle and in this case the additional moments generated due to lateral deformation may be significant and cannot be ignored in design.
The behaviour of slender columns may be affected by many factors, such as the cross sectional dimension, the height and the end conditions. These factors directly influence the magnitude of the expected lateral deformation as well as the additional moments generated due to buckling.
In this study, An experimental program was carried out for testing long columns under concentric and eccentric loading. The specimens were categorized into three groups. The first group comprised two columns with the same dimension, reinforcement, and height to study the effect of external moment on one of them, while the other was loaded with concentric load and measured the failure load and horizontal displacement, and make comparison between them.The second group comprised two columns with the same dimension and reinforcement to study the effect of increasing height on columns loaded concentrically, and measure the horizontal displacement and failure load.
The third group comprised three columns with the same height and the external eccentricity to study the effect of increasing width and measure the horizontal displacement and failure load.
Finally, a comparison between test result and international code requirements was made.Test results indicate that the external moment is very important in the calculation of later deformation for slender column, Also the change of EI(flexural rigidity) is an important factor in study of lateral deformation, experimental tests showed that American code equations for slender column are very close to the experimental test results, and the stability slenderness code limits can be exceeded, condition that only a percentage of capacity load is applied.