الفهرس 
Historical backgroundOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In 1985, the American preterm infant Jeffry Lawson underwent thoracotomy for ligation of patent ductus arteriosis, subsequently his mother discovered that the boy had been operated on without any anesthesia, other than a muscle relaxant, when anesthesiologist was asked about that she simply replied: It had not been known that the preterm infant feel pain. The mother of the infant Jill R. Lawson started a vigorous awareness campaign. In Egypt, the neonatal pain is frequently underestimated and the concept that neonates doesn`t feel pain is prevalent among the public’s who prefer to do circumcision for their babies as early as the first week post delivery because in that age they will not suffer as they will not feel pain. The ”standard” definition of pain is that of the International Association for the Study of Pain which states that it is an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective; each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in his early life. It is unquestionably a sensation in a part of the body, but it is also unpleasant, and therefore it is also an emotional experience (Argoff, 2009).