الفهرس 
TDM?PON VS WDM?PONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 32 |  |  |
| | | from | 32 | | |
Abstract
Doubtless, The Communication speed is increasing day after day. where we could see the speed of 56 Kb/s was hardly sufficient in the past to check the email. But the market demand for data telecommunication has increased the speed especially with the growth of the Internet and VPN networks. In addition the “Video on demand” has played an important role for the demanded speed to go up to 1 GB/s.
The old technology used to build the local loop network (which is also called subscriber access network) depended on access technologies such as digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem (CM) which has limited speed under 10 Mb/s and distances less than 5 km. Hence, these technologies lack broader universality for business settings. This is why the next wave of local access deployment promises to bring fiber to the building (FTTB) and fiber to the home (FTTH). These new deployments use optical fiber throughout the access network. New optical fiber network architectures are capable of supporting gigabit per second speeds, at costs comparable to DSL.
The optical local access networks are mainly classified into 2 categories; active and passive; The Passive Optical Network (PON) has a basic advantage where it utilizes a non-active component called “Passive Optical Splitter” that doesn’t contain any electrical or electronic components thus it doesn’t consume electrical power which makes it easy to build and maintain such networks with cheaper cost. This is why all telecom companies are going to deploy the PON networks in the near future.
The PON optical network can be implemented using different data protocols like APON, BPON, EPON and GPON. But the EPON type has a lot of advantages because it is easier to understand, implement, manage and maintain where it uses standard and easy-to-find equipments. Also, it works with a single IP protocol for transferring both voice and data. In addition, it has high efficiency because it uses longer frame length while its cost is very low compared to other protocols (about 10% of GPON cost).
The goal of this thesis is to design and implement the Medium Access Control layer (MAC) to match the IEEE 802.3ah standard specification of the Ethernet In The First Mile “EFM” that is used with the EPON fiber local access networks. Also, this thesis aims at integrating the designed MAC IP within a complete system which is a Network Interface Card “NIC” and to do the complete Hardware (HW) and Software (SW) development to build this system. Thus we will be having all details and resources available for future researches that are related to the EPON Networks.
This thesis presents the functional description of the MAC layer as stated by the IEEE 802.3ah standard then it shows the design phases which started by specifying the interfaces between the MAC and the host, PHY, and streaming sides. Then the structural design of the MAC was discussed by breaking it out into the building components like the Tx & Rx Finite state machines, the P2MP emulation layer, the CRC generators and checkers, the register file, the Medium Independent Management module MIIM and the Loopback facilities on both PHY and system sides. After that every component was designed using Verilog language. Furthermore, the Simulation & Verification phase was done where a testbench was developed using my MAC IP as the Unit Under Test “UUT” then a functional model was designed for the gigabit PHY layer besides using ready Bus Functional Models “BFM” form Altera Company to act as the LLC layer. Then the codes were written for the testcases (in SystemVerilog) to check the behavior of the MAC IP in all situations. Finally the “System Validation” was done by integrating the MAC IP with some other components to build the network interface card where ready IPs (PCI Bridge and DMA engine) have been utilized from Altera Company. The integration was done using the Altera Quartus and SOPC builder tools then the system was implemented on the FPGA. After that we developed the software device driver that is required for the card to operate under Unix operating system.